TECHNOLOGY GUIDE ONE
Computer Hardware
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Technology Guide: Understanding Computer Hardware, Study notes of Information Technology
An overview of computer hardware, discussing major components, strategic issues, innovations, computer hierarchy, input and output technologies, and the central processing unit. It also covers memory types and capacities, and various storage devices.
Typology: Study notes
2011/2012
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TECHNOLOGY GUIDE ONE
Computer Hardware
TECHNOLOGY GUIDE OUTLINE
TG1.1 Introduction TG1.2 Strategic Hardware Issues TG1.3 Innovations in Hardware Utilization TG1.4 Computer Hierarchy TG1.5 Input and Output Technologies TG1.6 The Central Processing Unit TG1.7 Computer Memory
LEARNING OBJECTIVES (continued)
- (^) Differentiate the various types of input and output technologies and their uses.
- (^) Describe the design and functioning of the central processing unit.
- (^) Discuss the relationships between microprocessor component designs and performance.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES (continued)
- (^) Describe the main types of primary and secondary storage.
- (^) Distinguish between primary and secondary storage along the dimensions of speed, cost, and capacity.
- (^) Define enterprise storage, and describe the various types of enterprise storage.
TG1.2 Strategic Hardware Issues
- (^) How do organizations keep up with the rapid price and performance advancements in hardware?
- (^) How often should an organization upgrade its computers and storage systems?
- (^) Will upgrades increase personal and organizational productivity?
- (^) How can organizations measure such increase?
- (^) How do organizations manage telecommuting?
TG1.3 Innovations in Hardware
Utilization
- (^) Server Farms
- (^) Virtualization
- (^) Grid computing
- (^) Utility computing
- (^) Cloud computing
- (^) Edge Computing
- (^) Autonomic Computing
- (^) Nanotechnology
TG1.5 Input and Output Technologies
Input technologies
Human data-entry Source-data automation
Output Technologies
- (^) Output
- (^) Monitors
- (^) Printers
- (^) Plotters
- (^) Voice
TG1.6 The Central Processing Unit
Central processing unit (CPU) Microprocessor
- (^) Control unit
- (^) Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU)
- (^) Registers
How the CPU Works
- (^) Binary form
- (^) Machine instruction cycle
- (^) Clock speed
- (^) Word length
- (^) Bus width
- (^) Line width
TG1.7 Computer Memory
Two basic categories of computer memory:
- (^) Primary Storage
- (^) Secondary Storage
Memory Capacity
- (^) Bit
- (^) Byte
Primary Storage
- (^) Primary storage or main memory
Main Types of Primary Storage
- (^) Registers
- (^) Random access memory (RAM)
- (^) Cache memory
- (^) Read-only memory (ROM)