Human Body Systems Overview: Anatomy and Physiology, Exams of Nursing

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TEAS TEST 2024 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|2025-

2026|260 REAL QUESTIONS|A +RATED

logos convince audience with fact and reason ethos convince audience with author's credibility pathos Appeal to emotion octic ears

mental chin acromial shoulder antebrachial forearm pollex thumb coccygeal tailbone coxa hip

scapular shoulder blade dorsal back brachial arm antecubital front of elbow olecranal or cubital back of elbow dorsum

back of hand sacral between hips patella front of knee crural top of foot anterior front of body posterior back of body

father from the trunk of the body sagittal plane divides body into halves coronal ( frontal plane) divides the body into anterior and posterior halves transverse divides the body into superior and inferior halves respiratory system nose, mouth, throat, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and lungs OXYGEN IN diaphragm contracts, O2 into alveoli, finally to blood

CARBON DIOXIDE OUT

diaphragm relaxes, CO2 released from alveoli, finally into lungs blowing out CO maintains pH of blood factors that affect respiratory system

• Diseases: Pneumonia, bronchitis, Asthma
• Cigarettes
• Pollution and dust
• Allergies and inflammation cardiovascular system Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc. The heart pumps blood.

systole (lub) Contraction of the heart blood pumping from heart into arteries mitral and tricuspid valve close diastole (dub) relaxation of the heart blood flows into heart into chambers semilunar (aortic and pulmonic) valves close primary pacemaker sinoatrial node (upper right atrium, 60-80 bpm) secondary pacemaker atrioventricular node (junction between a

third pacemaker Purkinje fibers DEOXYGENATED BLOOD from veins, to right atrium, to right ventricle to LUNGS OXYGENATED BLOOD from lungs, to left atrium, to left ventricle, to aorta, to BODY cardiovascular system funnctions delivers 02 and nutrients to cells and removes CO2 and waste maintains the body's BP and pH regulates body temp transports hormones, fights infections, aids in digestion, assists in repair of damaged tissue digestive system

large intestine cecum, colon, and rectum absorbs water electrolytes and forms feces digestive system accessory organs teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas gastrin produced in the stomach and stimulates stomach acid cholecystokinin produced in small intestine, stimulates the release of enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver insulin produced in the pancreas, helps regulate blood sugar levels

glucagon produced in the pancreas and helps release glucose from the liver bile produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. helps breakdown fat in the small intestine secretin produced in the small intestine ( duodenum) and stimulates the production of bicarbonate by the pancreas central nervous system CNS brain and spinal cord. central command center where all communication and actions occur in the body Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) the sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body

sensory neurons afferent sends message to CNS motor (efferent) neurons send messages to muscles autonomic nervous system involuntary actions (heart rate, digestion, and respiration) somatic nervous system voluntary actions (movement of limbs) muscular system responsible for the movement of the human body skeletal muscle

attached to bones and responsible for movement cardiac muscle found in heart and pumps blood throughout body smooth muscle found in organ and vessel walls ( stomach, intestines, and blood vessels) nerves and muscles nerves control muscles by sending electrical impulses to the muscle (brain> spinal cord > axon> muscle nerve > muscle fiber testes produce sperm and testosterone Epididymis

fallopian tubes carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus vagina carries blood and mucosal tissue from the uterus during the period and provides a passageway for intercourse and sperm vulva external female genitalia that included labia. urethra, and clitoris Gonodotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) produced by the hypothalamus: stimulated the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland follicle stimulating hormone stimulate growth of eggs in ovaries and control menstrual cycle

luteinizing hormone helps trigger ovulation testosterone produces by testes; help produce sperm and develop male characteristics estrogen produced by ovaries that help develop female characteristics and regulate menstrual cycle integumentary system skin, hair, nails epidermis