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Reading Section: October 30, 2018 5:00-5: KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS R1.1 Summarize a complex text Tips: Pick up your topic, main idea, and key idea right away. Example: Choosing a hobby has multiple positive effects. One positive effect is the alleviation of stress. There is a chemical change that occurs in the body when a person engages in an entertaining endeavor. The second positive effect is the building of confidence. Practicing and engaging in a hobby allows a person to feel successful by being good at something. Ultimately, when one becomes successful, self-esteem increases. The third reason to choose a hobby is the opportunity to meet new, interesting people. Most hobbies have many people already taking part. It is easy, especially with social media, to find people with the same interests. Finding common ground will bring people together in diverse social formats and allow for stimulating engagement opportunities. These three positive results of getting a hobby should entice anyone to go out and find something interesting to do. Topic: Choosing a hobby Main Idea: Positive effects having a hobby has Key ideas: (what are the positive effects?) -Alleviation of stress -Building confidence -Meeting new people November 1, 2018 11:32am- 1:32am R1.2 Infer the logical conclusion from a reading selection Tips: Ask yourself, “What can I infer based on what I’ve just read?” Example: There was a tim e when I would have put up with his dismissive behavior, but those days, I’m happy to report, are long gone. We can infer from this passage that the writer was previously a more passive person based on the key terms related to chronology , and we can infer the person is content with his or her new attitude. (with the key word happy ) Example: The fisherman stood on the banks of the lake, eyeing the sluggish fish come close to his line but never bite. As he waited for the sun to go behind the m ountain, the sweat stains on his shirt grew in diameter.
Conclusion: It is too hot for the fish to be caught which is why he is waiting until it gets darker and cooler. (later in the day) R1.3 Identify the topic, main idea, and supporting details. Tips: What’s the topic and what’s the author’s main idea about that topic? Example of Topic Sentence: The lack of basic reading skills influences the low success rate of adolescent readers. Note: this is not too specific(list the skills) and it is not too broad (leaving out the adolescent readers) Example: There is much more to training a horse than giving it a name. The most important element in training is time. A trainer must be prepared to spend every day with the esquine. Ground and body work can consist of backing strategies, while the body work can include ropes routinely wrapping different parts of the horse’s body. All in all, the name is important but it is only the beginning. Reread the passage. Which of the following statements is a supporting detail? A) All in all, the name is important but it is only the beginning B) There is much more to training a horse than giving it a name. C) Ground and body work must be implemented every session. D) Training a horse is time consuming. Answer: C; Option A is a summarizing point; Option B is topic sentence; Option D is the generalization made from the reading Example: Due to the high levels of rain this spring, residents of Garfield Street are warned to prepare for flooding by collecting and storing valuables, and finding shelter for pets. Valuables include photo albums, letters, and financial records. Consider purchasing a rental space or contacting community members for garage space. In order to protect your pets, consider calling the local veterinarian or animal shelter for short-term care. Which of the following statements is the topic sentence? A) Consider purchasing a rental space or contacting community members for garage space. B) Valuables include photo albums, letters, and financial records C) In order to protect your pets, consider calling the local veterinarian or animal shelter for short-term care. D) Due to high levels of rain this spring, residents of Garfield Street are warned to prepare for flooding by collecting and storing valuables, and finding shelter for pets. Answer: D; Option A is a supporting detail; Option B is a supporting detail of the topic sentence; Option C is supporting detail R1.4 Follow a given set of directions
● Classified Ads: short, detailed text offering items and services. Print and online newspapers, magazines, blogs, and forums usually charge by word or line. ○ Headline that attracts a specific audience(can be rhetorical question, statement, or exclamaiton) ○ An item or service offered to the audience (mention benefits of the item or service) ○ A call to action (includes how to get the item or service) Example:
Need outdoor pictures taken for that special event?
Choose your own setting, time, and subject. Choose your own time frame for development and packages. Please email jerome@sunshinephotos.com or call 555-345-6758 and let the photos begin! Friday, November 1, 2018 @12:15am - 12:49pm R1.6 Identify information from a graphic representation of information Tips: Carefully read all fonts, bolded words, charts, and key(legend). Recognize events in a sequence. Sequence: order and pattern, and recognizing sequence has powerful benefits, such as remembering information, understanding text, and analyzing information for comprehension. Example: Sue offered to help her friends prepare for the barbecue. First , she made a healthy salad. Second , she baked a carrot cake; and, finally , she picked up several bags of ice. Following list of adverbs that signal the above chronogical events: When: today, yesterday, later, now, last year How often: always, rarely, often, never, seldom Length of time: all year, all season, all day, since, one day Friday needs 1 hr Saturday needs 1 hr CRAFT AND STRUCTURE R2.1 Distinguish between fact and opinion, biases, and stereotypes. Tips: to identify the author’s POV you must discern b/w the facts, opinion, biases, and stereotypes. Fact Vs Opinion: F: At least 23% of all automobile collisions involve cell phones
O: Texting while driving is done by ignorant people. Stereotype Vs Biases: S: biased belief about a person or group and does not recognize. Individual differences or social distinction; influenced by parents, peers, media, and social opinions B: preferential viewpoint that often does not allow for impartial objective discussion (its my way or the highway) Example: S: writer remains nonemotional and uses general statements B: writer uses emotionally charged word choice and figurative language S: writer might have facts based upon researched biases and falsely supported assumptions B: writer purposefully omits facts due to a usual lack of validation Example: Which of the following is a factual statement? A) Obesity is caused by inappropriate eating habits B) Obese people do not have willpower C) One in three adolescents is obese D) Obese people just need to lose weight Answer: A Tips: don't fall for words like never(if the author simply stated it but never mentioned never or always then dont believe it) R2.2 Recognize the structure of texts in various formats ● PERSUASIVE ○ Strong opinion signal words phrases: in the first place, it is my belief that, without a doubt, all that to the side, undoubtedly, from my point of view, unquestionably, I question whether ● PROBLEM/SOLUTION ○ Structure: intro of the problem being addressed, description of the problem, plausible solution to the problem, closing that challenges reader to take action ○ Signal words: the problem, because, so that, this led to, a solution, if… then…., one reason for ● EXPOSITORY ○ Structure: the author informs, explains, or tells how to ○ DOES NOT include opinion but only uses facts & examples ○ Signal words: ■ cause---why something happens and effect----what happened; due to, consequently, as a result of, if… then, was responsible for, as might be expected, made possible by, since ■ Compare/contrast: compare---find similarities, contrast----identify differences; on the contrary, similarly, compared to, in like manner, have in common, in the same way, in spite of, as well as
It is a fact that a large number of small businesses fail because the owner hasn’t enough capital to tide him over slack periods and emergencies; that is, it takes a certain amount of working money to keep a business going.
- Which of the following is the meaning of capital in the passage? a) An exchange made to keep a business lucrative b) Money allotted for specific purposes c) The center of a town, state, nation d) A certain amount of working money to keep a business going R2.4 Determine the denotative meaning of words Example: Which of the following sets of guide words would appear at the top of a printed dictionary page containing the word “aptitude”? a) Ane sthetize and ant hology b) App alachian and avi ator c) Al lergic and apo logy d) Are a and arm y Answer: B aptitude is in between those two R2.5 Evaluate the author’s purpose in given text Tips: if you come across a lengthy passage ask yourself what’s the purpose of the author and what is the structure: narrative, expository, persuasive? ASK YOURSELF: Where does this text appear? =Does the text appear in a travel magazine plastered w. Images and ads? Is the text a magazine or television advertisement? Is this text a novel, an excerpt from a novel, or a short story from an anthology? What is the structure of the text? = ● Narrative: appears in stories or poetry ● Informational: course textbooks, bullets, numbered list, captions, maps, instructions for assembly ● Persuasive: advertisement writers, newspaper editorial What is the author’s tone?= ● Informative: authors are straight forward, neutral language that lacks emotional correlation(words that can be defined as exclusively happy or exclusively angry) ● Persuasive: uses emotionally charged information language coupled w/ images to evoke a specific emotion in readers Example: The rock star’s appearance in town was brief but certainly noticeable. She visited a local child care center early Tuesday and then spent the afternoon visiting with area business owners and community leaders. “It’s refreshing to see that such a young lady who has achieved fame so early in life can still be a down-to-earth, compassionate, and caring person,” said Chamber of Commerce President Karen.
The superstar wrapped up her visit by attending a Chamber dinner reception, at which she spoke about fostering youth leadership within a community. Following her speech, she announced a donation to a local food bank in the amount of $10,000.
- What is the primary purpose of this text? a) To entertain readers with the story of the superstar’s visit b) To entice readers to listen to the superstar’s music c) To persuade readers to like the superstar d) To inform readers of the superstar’s visit Answer: D; the author does not use positive connotation to lionize the superstar he is stating factual statements R2.7 Use text features Tips : Text features consist of bold words, italics, footnotes, heading, subheadings, sidebars Purpose: to orient the reader, provide additional information or background knowledge, assist a reader to quickly find information, and provide clear organizational structure Example: Which of the following identifies why the following passage includes italicized print? In his most recent work, Free Popcorn Under the Bleachers! , Mr. Andrews offers readers a humorous account of his childhood, growing up as the youngest of eight children. A) It is an advertisement B) It is a subheading C) It is a footnote D) It is a book title Answer D; it is a book title R3.1 Identify primary sources in various media Tips: identify primary sources, recognize all of them (internet, video, text, audio, autobiography, document, memoir, oral history, bibliography, biography, encylopedia) Primary source: refers to artifacts, letters, recordings, images, and other media that have not been altered from their original state. Example: original photos taken by an embedded war photojournalist are primary source documents(since youre actually viewing the pics) if these photos were purchased by a textbook company and included in a chapter they would no longer be considered primary source documents since the textbook didnt first have them) Example: Which of the following is a primary source document? A) A textbook containing original photographs purchased directly from photojournalists B) Diaries of WWII prisoners of war C) Diary entries of WWII prisoners of war printed in newspaper in honor of Veterans Day
Define genre : group of related writings or other media Themes are present: -Fiction/non-fiction -nonprint sources: -radio and film broadcasts -more obvious (when trying to convince) -less obvious Examples: Which of the following are ways in which both print and nonprint sources express themes? A) Repetition & prominence B) Camera angles C) Lighting D) Length of work Which of the following is true about themes? A) They typically occur only once within a print source B) They only exist in print media C) They can reveal information about a specific culture or time period D) Different artists’ or authors’ treatments of a single theme should not be compared R3.4 Evaluate an argument and its specific claims Define argument: point that an author believes or seems to believe is true; what is stated, and the author will prove reasons--- or evidence --- that support the argument Tips: if you’re being asked to do something or believe something that is usually the argument of the author ( finding claim is easy but finding the argument isn’t always easy) Note: it won’t always say i believe or i think ---sometimes strong arguments by simply stating something is or should be true R3.5 Evaluate and integrate data from multiple sources in various formats, including media Tips: ask yourself what data is most relevant to you? And what additional sources of information could help you? And how does all of this fit together and what does it mean? CONVENTIONS OF STANDARD ENGLISH
E1.1 Use conventions of standard English spellingg. Tips: Make sure to know forming plural and exceptions to those rules, identify incorrectly spelled words & determine the correct selection of homophone based on context Rules: I always before E. EXCEPT…. When there is a C before (e.g receive, perceive, conceive) and when it sounds like a (weigh, sleigh, vein) Some weird exceptions: caffeine, neither, weird Drop the final E: when adding a suffix to a root that ends in E, drop the E if the suffix begins w/ a voewl but not before a suffic beginning with a consonant. ● EX: Suffix beginning with a vowel(erase e) ○ guide+ance=guidance ○ hide+ing=hiding ○ titrate+ing=titrating ● EX: Suffix beginning with a consonant (keep e) ○ derange+ment=derangment ○ like+ly=likely ○ like+ness=likeness Some exceptions: due+ly=duely, peace+able=peaceable, true+ly=truly Double the final consonant: when adding a suffix to a root that ends in a single consonant, double the consonant if a single vowel preceded the consonant & the consonant ends an accented syllable or one-syllable word. ● EX: Conditions met ○ admit+ed=admitted ○ bat+ed= batted ○ stop+ing=stopping Conditions not met ● loop+ing=looping ● light+ed=lighted ● Vist +ed= visited Change the final Y to I: when adding a suffix to a root ending in Y preceded by a consonant, changed the Y to I to unless the suffix being with I. ● Example: ○ beauty+ful=beautiful
● bear/bare Example:
- The billionaire had a compound in the desert, the shear size of which made it seam like a whole other country. Which of the following correctly describes an error in the sentence above? A) The homograph “desert” should be “dessert” B) The homophone “shear” should be “sheer” C) The homograph “seam” should be “seem” D) The homophone “whole” should be “hole” Answer: B Although seam and seem are also incorrect its a homophone (pronounced same but diff meaning) not a homograph (spelled same but diff meaning)
- He found it inconceivable that his partner had leapt to the wrong conclusion regarding the capital they had alloted to the project. Which of the following words is misspelled in the sentence above? A) Inconceivable B) Leapt C) Capital D) Alloted Answer: D; alloted should be spelled with two t’s ---allotted E1.2 Use conventions of standard English punctuation Tips: commas are used to split 2 independent clauses, to indicate pauses in the flow of a sentence; NEED TO KNOW: using a comma without a conjunction to separate two independent clauses is an error ex: this gatorade is nasty, it’s very warm. Rules: ● Commas are used to separate items in a series ● When a degree or certification is included after a person’s name, it should be set off with commas. Denise Arevalo, BSN ● When dates includes month day and year = November 7, 2018 ● Commas are used to separate geographic elements, such as b/w cities and their states. =San Jose, California, San Diego, California ● An example of preferred usage that should not be included among rules would be the serial, or Oxford comma. This is the comma before the “and” in a series of items.
● Compound-complex sentence ○ includes two independent and one dependent clause ○ EX: Just as the concert started, the crowd looked to the sky, and the clouds parted. (dependent) (independent) ● Simple subject ○ is the person, place, thing, or idea that is doing or being something. ○ EX: Optimizing the time you spend enjoying life is key to happiness. ■ Optimizing is simple subject KNOWLEDGE OF LANGUAGE E2.1 Use grammar to enhance clarity in writing Tips: Ask yourself why the passage is unclear and how it could be made clearer, eliminate ambiguous language (and stuff), be aware of past, present, and future tense, choose precise diction(annoyed, angry, furious) Subject- Verb Agreement: Matching like numbers of subjects and verbs; singular with singular, plural with plural. EX: There are many cows in the barn. RIGHT //// There are many cow in the barn. WRONG Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement: Matching like numbers of pronouns and their antecedents: singular with singular, plural with plural. TIME <ASPECT Past Present Future None/Simple Wrote Writes Will Write Progressive Was writing Is writing Will be writing Perfective Had written Has written Will have written Examples: ● Complete sentence (understood subject) ○ Beat it! ● Fragment sentence(does not finish the thought) ○ “Depending on how you say it.” ● Run-on sentence ○ He really is a good guy he just sometimes loses his patience.
A) Business memo B) Scientific journal C) Novel D) Motivational speech Answer: A; business memo-- Which of the following sentences would indicate that the setting is the United States in the 1920s? A) Rationing made our lives difficult, but we, like most citizens, were dedicated to the war effort B) The local speakeasy was where he’d get his hooch when he had a few extra clams to spend. C) You could hear the clang of his riding spurs before the stranger pushed through the door of the saloon D) She was a hep cat who had all the latest vinyl from the coolest bands around. Answer: B; local speakeasy was where he’d get his hooch when he had a few extra clams to spend E2.3 Apply basic knowledge of the elements of the writing process Writing process: prewriting, writing, and revision ● Prewriting: includes all the tasks necessary to start putting pen to paper ● Writing: ● Revision: Step 1: Determining the thesis (includes not just the topic but the purpose for writing about the topic) Step 2: EXAMPLES:
- Which of the following situations requires the inclusion of a citation? A) The author made up the information B) The author wants to emphasize the information C) The author is giving an opinion D) The author is quoting a source Answer: D; whenever quoting any source you must include a citation
- If all following tasks are used in writing, which of the following would likely occur first? A) Interviewing potential sources B) Brainstorming interesting topics and organizations
C) Developing an organizational outline D) Ensuring proper citations Answer: B; E2.4 Develop a well-organized paragraph Tips: know parts of a paragraph consist of topic sentence, supporting details, transitions, conclusion , know how to put information in a logical order: chronological, emphasis, cause/effect, know how to identify information that does not belong, know how to identify where more information/development is needed Example: Topic sentence: ● “I’ll never forget my English teacher, Ms. Miller, and her obsession with the notion of perfectly constructed paragraphs.” Supporting Details ● “She insisted that every paragraph have at least five sentences, including a deftly wrought topic sentence with eloquent supporting details and a tidy conclusion” ● “For a mere passing grade, we had to slave over every sentence to ensure that it contributed precisely to the unity of the message.” Conclusion/transition: ● “Needless to say, she wasn’t the most popular teacher at the school, but we knew that we had her to thank for our eventual adventures in literature.” KNOW DIFFERENT TYPE OF PARAGRAPHS
Narrative paragraphs: tell about a scene or event, descriptive paragraphs give vivid
descriptions of one subject
Expository paragraphs: provide information
persuasive paragraphs: try to convince the reader.
Ask yourself: “How does this contribute to the topic and the rest of the paragraph?” If it
doesnt then it most likely does not belong there
Example:
1. Which of the following examples would most likely act as a transition sentence?
A. I find that older modes of technology often appeal to me in ways I can’t
quite articulate
● Leaves: The children love to play in the leaves. / They do not like when their father leaves for work. ● Net: What was your net gain for the year? / Crabbing is easier if you bring a net along. ● Point: The pencil has a sharp point. / It is not polite to point at people. ● Right: You were right. / Make a right turn at the light. ● Rose: My favorite flower is a rose. / He quickly rose from his seat. ● Type: He can type over 100 words per minute. / That guy is really not her type.
Homophones
● pale/pail ● ate/eight ● alter/altar ● band/banned ● buy/bye/by ● red/read ● blew/blue ● boar/bore ● canon/cannon ● coarse/course ● fair/fare ● genes/jeans ● foul/fowl ● grate/great ● in/inn ● hour/our ● knight/night ● no/know ● nose/knows ● maize/maze ● meddle/metal ● rain/reign ● sea/see ● role/roll ● their/there/they're ● veil/vale
Homographs
● Read: She is going to read the book later. / He read the book last night.
● Bass: They caught a bass. / His voice belongs in the bass section. ● Bow: She put a bow in her daughter's hair. / Please bow down to the emperor. ● Minute: That is only a minute problem. / Wait a minute! ● Learned: The class learned that information last week. / He is a very learned individual. ● Sewer: The rats crept through the sewer. / She is a fine sewer and fixed my torn dress. ● Wound: They wound up the toy as soon as they got it. / She received a wound from the punch. ● Does: He does his homework every night. / There were many does in the forest. ● Wind: The wind swept up the leaves. / Wind the clock up before you go to bed. ● Sow: A sow is a female pig. / We'll sow the seeds in springtime. E3.2 Determining the meaning of words by analyzing word parts Define morphemes: smallest grammatical unit of meaning Prefixes- added to the beginning of the word EXAMPLE: (prefix) (meaning) (example) (example meaning) A- not - asymmetric - not symmetric Epi- on, above/ epidural/ outside the dura mater Hyper- a lot; too much/ hypercalcemia/ too much calcium in blood Hypo-a little; not enough/ hypokalemia/ not enough potassium in the blood Supra-above/ supraorbital/above the eye sockets Science Section: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY S1.1 Describe the general anatomy and physiology of a human Tips:
