Team-II-Introduction to Public Administration-Lecture Handout | Exercises Introduction to Public Administration

Introduction To Public Administration–MGT111 VU

LESSON 36

TEAM – II

At the end of lecture the students will be able to understand:

- What are team norms;

- Understand team cohesiveness;

- Methods to increase team cohesiveness

- Meaning and concept of communication

Team Norms

When group members work together they form expectations about how they and the other

members will behave. Some of these norms are carried over from society in general, such as dressing

“properly’” for work or showing up on time. Others are particular to the group and its special goals, such as

questioning “conventional ideas”.

When an individual breaks with team norms, the other members will probably pressure that

individual to conform. Team norms are therefore important to adhere to by the team/group members.

Without the understanding of norms and adherence to norms groups cannot function.

Team Cohesiveness

The solidarity, or cohesiveness, or togetherness of team member is an important indicator of how

much influence the group has over its individual members. The more cohesive the group-the more strongly

members feel about belonging to it and the greater its influence. If the members of a group feel strongly

attached to it, they are not likely to violate its norms.

Team cohesiveness plays a role in small as well as large organization in better performance. Team

cohesiveness is critical in helping the individual feel good about his or her contribution to the effort as well.

Highly cohesive teams often have less tension and hostility and fewer misunderstanding than less cohesive

groups.

Four ways to Cohesiveness

Cohesiveness or solidarity in teams can be achieved by adopting certain measures. Some of the

methods are:

1. Introduce competition;

2. Increase interpersonal attraction;

3. Increase interaction; and

4. Create common goals and common fates for employees

1. Introduce Competition: When the competition with outside individuals or other teams is

increased, the group becomes cohesiveness. When the group feels outside threat or competition

from outside the rational response of members is to develop cohesiveness.

2. Increase Interpersonal Attraction: Sometimes people join teams whose members they identify

with or admire. Thus, an organization may want to begin by trying to attract employees who share

certain key values or who have common goals.

3. Increase Interaction: In work situation it is not often possible for people to like everyone they

work with. However, it has been observed that when people interact frequently with each other,

there is gradual likeness that people develop. Increased interaction and communication can

improve camaraderie.

4. Create Common Goals And Common Fates: A group’s effectiveness is a function of three

variables:

i. Task interdependence,

ii. Potency, and

iii. Outcome interdependence.

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LESSON 36

TEAM – II

At the end of lecture the students will be able to understand:

What are team norms;
Understand team cohesiveness;
Methods to increase team cohesiveness
Meaning and concept of communication

Team Norms When group members work together they form expectations about how they and the other members will behave. Some of these norms are carried over from society in general, such as dressing “properly’” for work or showing up on time. Others are particular to the group and its special goals, such as questioning “conventional ideas”.

When an individual breaks with team norms, the other members will probably pressure that individual to conform. Team norms are therefore important to adhere to by the team/group members. Without the understanding of norms and adherence to norms groups cannot function.

Team Cohesiveness The solidarity, or cohesiveness, or togetherness of team member is an important indicator of how much influence the group has over its individual members. The more cohesive the group-the more strongly members feel about belonging to it and the greater its influence. If the members of a group feel strongly attached to it, they are not likely to violate its norms.

Team cohesiveness plays a role in small as well as large organization in better performance. Team cohesiveness is critical in helping the individual feel good about his or her contribution to the effort as well. Highly cohesive teams often have less tension and hostility and fewer misunderstanding than less cohesive groups.

Four ways to Cohesiveness Cohesiveness or solidarity in teams can be achieved by adopting certain measures. Some of the methods are:

Introduce competition;
Increase interpersonal attraction;
Increase interaction; and
Create common goals and common fates for employees
Introduce Competition: When the competition with outside individuals or other teams is increased, the group becomes cohesiveness. When the group feels outside threat or competition from outside the rational response of members is to develop cohesiveness.
Increase Interpersonal Attraction: Sometimes people join teams whose members they identify with or admire. Thus, an organization may want to begin by trying to attract employees who share certain key values or who have common goals.
Increase Interaction: In work situation it is not often possible for people to like everyone they work with. However, it has been observed that when people interact frequently with each other, there is gradual likeness that people develop. Increased interaction and communication can improve camaraderie.
Create Common Goals And Common Fates: A group’s effectiveness is a function of three variables: i. Task interdependence, ii. Potency, and iii. Outcome interdependence.

i. Task interdependence relates to the dependence of workers on one group member on the work of another member. E.g. one group member’s task is to straighten wire while the other group member has to cut the wire, so once the wire is cut the first worker has to round the head of wire. This is task interdependence. ii. Group’s sense of potency means, shared belief of a group that it can be effective. The group potency also keeps the group together. ii. Outcome interdependence is the degree to which the consequences of the group’s work are felt by all the group’s members. In other words the group members have a feeling that the outcome of group efforts is not possible without each one contributing. And that the success of group is every member’s success. All the three factors that create common goals and fate are shown in Figure 1.

Determinants of Work-Group Effectiveness

Figure 1

Making Teams Effective Many managers’ joke or complaint about committees and meetings of teams being big time- wasters. In reality, a committee or task force or a group is often the best way to pool the expertise of different members of the organization and channel their efforts towards effective problem solving and decision making. This is done by coordinating the efforts of group in effective manner.

Guidelines for Making Committees and Meeting Effective Committees differ greatly in their functions and activities, therefore set of broad guidelines will appropriate for all cases are recommended. The following suggestions apply to committees, and group meetings, if the skills of members are to be used most effectively:

The agenda and all supporting material for the meeting should be distributed to members before the meeting to give them time to prepare in advance.
Meetings should start and end on time. The time when they will end should be announced at the outset.

Outcome

Interdependence

Task

Interdependence

Potency

(Effectiveness)

Identifying factors Include technology, Work rules, proximity of members

Identifying factors Include organizational Reward, recognition,

Identifying factors include Organizational criteria For effectiveness

Identifying factors Include organizational Strategic plan, History, culture

Group Task

Effectiveness

= Effect

= Feedback

Team-II-Introduction to Public Administration-Lecture Handout, Exercises of Introduction to Public Administration

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Partial preview of the text

Download Team-II-Introduction to Public Administration-Lecture Handout and more Exercises Introduction to Public Administration in PDF only on Docsity!

LESSON 36

TEAM – II

Outcome

Interdependence

Task

Interdependence

Potency

(Effectiveness)

Group Task

Effectiveness