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Chapter 6b: TCP/IP & IP Addressing
CIS 3260: Dr. Mike Tarn Chapter 6 Network Communications and Protocols
Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
- (^) Most commonly used protocol suite for networking
- (^) Excellent scalability and superior functionality
- (^) Able to connect different types of computers and networks
- (^) Default protocol for Novell NetWare, Windows, all Unix/Linux varieties, and Mac OS
TCP/IPTCP/IP
- (^) Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP)
- (^) TCP: performs extensive error checking to ensure that data is delivered successfully
- (^) IP: consists of rules for packaging data and for ensuring it reaches the correct destination address
TCP/IP Compared to OSI Model
TCP/IP Protocols
- (^) Includes highly compartmentalized and specialized protocols, including: - (^) Internet Protocol (IP) โ Connectionless Network layer protocol that provides source and destination routing; fast, but unreliable - (^) Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) โ Network layer protocol that sends error and control messages between systems or devices - (^) The Ping utility uses ICMP to request a response from a remote host to verify availability
- (^) Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) โ Network layer protocol that associates logical (IP) address to physical (MAC) address
IP, ICMP, and ARP in Action
More TCP/IP Protocols
- (^) Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) โ primary Internet transport protocol; connection-oriented; provides reliable delivery; fragments and reassembles messages
- (^) User Datagram Protocol (UDP) - connectionless Transport layer protocol; fast, unreliable
- (^) Domain Name System (DNS) โ Session layer name-to-address resolution protocol
- (^) File Transfer Protocol (FTP) โ performs file transfer, works at Session, Presentation, and Application layers
More TCP/IP Protocols
- (^) Telnet โ remote terminal emulation protocol; operates at three upper layers; provides connectivity through dissimilar systems
- (^) Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP) โ operates at three upper layers to provide messaging; allows e- mail to travel on Internet
- (^) Routing Information Protocol (RIP) โ Network layer distance-vector protocol used for routing; not suitable for large networks
- (^) Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) โ link-state routing protocol; uses variety of factors to determine best path
IP Addressing
- (^) IP addresses are rapidly becoming scarce
- (^) TCP/IPโs technical governing body has
reserved a series of addresses for private
networks
- (^) IETF is working on a new implementation
of TCP/IP (IPv6) that uses addresses that
are 16 bytes long but retain backward
compatibility with IPv4 4-byte addresses
IP Address Classes
- (^) Three classes of IP addresses for normal networking: - (^) Class A โ addresses between 1-126; first octet identifies network and last three identify host; over 16 million hosts per network - (^) Class B โ addresses between 128-191; first two octets identify network and last two identify host; over 65,000 hosts per network - (^) Class C โ addresses between 192-223; first three octets identify network and last one identifies host; limited to 254 hosts per network
IP Addressing Class 1 st^ Octet 2 nd^ Octet 3 rd^ Octet 4 th^ Octet Class Start Class End Class A 1-126 0-255 0-255 0-255 1.0.0.0 126.255.255. Class B 128-191 0-255 0-255 0-255 128.0.0.0 191.255.255. Class C 192-223 0-255 0-255 0-255 192.0.0.0 223.255.255. Class A = 256X256X256-2 = 16,777,214 per network address Class B = 256X256-2 = 65,534 per network address Class C = 256-2 = 254 per network address
Subnet Masks
- (^) Part of IP address identifies network and
part identifies host
- (^) IP uses subnet mask to determine what part
of address identifies network and what part
identifies host
- (^) Network section identified by binary 1
- (^) Host section identified by binary 0
Subnet Masks
- (^) Each class of addresses has default subnet
mask
- (^) Class A default subnet mask is 255.0.0.
- (^) Class B default subnet mask is 255.255.0.
- (^) Class C default subnet mask is 255.255.255.
- (^) All devices on single physical network or
network segment must share same network
address and use same subnet mask
To Install the TCP/IP Protocol on a
Windows-based Computer
- (^) Entering the IP address and subnet mask