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Comparative Criminal Justice Systems: An Examination of England's Legal Framework, Exams of Criminal Justice

This document offers a comparative analysis of the english criminal justice system, exploring its historical evolution, key components, and differences from other systems. it presents true/false and multiple-choice questions to test understanding of topics such as the structure of parliament, the role of police and courts, and the legal procedures. The questions cover various aspects of the english legal system, making it a valuable resource for students of comparative criminal justice.

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2024/2025

Available from 05/05/2025

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Test Bank For
World Criminal Justice Systems, 10E By Richard J. Terrill
Chapter 1-7
INTRODUCTION
World Criminal Justice Systems: A Comparative Survey is designed to introduce
students to some select foreign criminal justice systems in the world. The countries
included for study in six of the chapters are: England, France, Japan, South Africa,
Russia, and China. A final chapter focuses on Islamic law and features the countries
of Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Turkey. While it is not necessary for a student to have an
extensive understanding of criminal justice, this text assumes some familiarity with
the criminal justice system of the United States. This kind of background should
facilitate the student achieving the objectives from reading this book that are listed
below.
When students complete this book, they should be able to:
1. Recognize the basic governmental structure of each country and its
relationship to the criminal justice system.
2. Appreciate the manner in which the justice system of each country has
emerged historically.
3. Identify the major components of the criminal justice system of each country.
4. Comprehend the similarities and differences in how each country organizes
and administers its justice system.
5. Distinguish the roles that the various practitioners play in each countrys
justice system.
6. Understand the similarities and differences in how each country perceives the
nature of law and the application of legal procedures in the criminal justice
process.
7. Discern some of the critical issues that the criminal justice system of each
country is confronting.
8. Consider how authoritarian governments have employed agents of their
criminal justice system to facilitate their political agenda.
For those instructors who have designed their comparative course to include a
research component, the bibliography in the back of the book should prove useful for
identifying both general books of a comparative or international nature and specific
books that deal with the countries covered in the text. The bibliography also
identifies journals that publish articles on comparative or international topics. Finally,
most countries in the text have internet sites that should facilitate research projects.
CHAPTER 1: ENGLAND
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Download Comparative Criminal Justice Systems: An Examination of England's Legal Framework and more Exams Criminal Justice in PDF only on Docsity!

Test Bank For

World Criminal Justice Systems, 10E By Richard J. Terrill

Chapter 1-

INTRODUCTION

World Criminal Justice Systems: A Comparative Survey is designed to introduce students to some select foreign criminal justice systems in the world. The countries included for study in six of the chapters are: England, France, Japan, South Africa, Russia, and China. A final chapter focuses on Islamic law and features the countries of Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Turkey. While it is not necessary for a student to have an extensive understanding of criminal justice, this text assumes some familiarity with the criminal justice system of the United States. This kind of background should facilitate the student achieving the objectives from reading this book that are listed below.

When students complete this book, they should be able to:

  1. Recognize the basic governmental structure of each country and its relationship to the criminal justice system.
  2. Appreciate the manner in which the justice system of each country has emerged historically.
  3. Identify the major components of the criminal justice system of each country.
  4. Comprehend the similarities and differences in how each country organizes and administers its justice system.
  5. Distinguish the roles that the various practitioners play in each country’s justice system.
  6. Understand the similarities and differences in how each country perceives the nature of law and the application of legal procedures in the criminal justice process.
  7. Discern some of the critical issues that the criminal justice system of each country is confronting.
  8. Consider how authoritarian governments have employed agents of their criminal justice system to facilitate their political agenda.

For those instructors who have designed their comparative course to include a research component, the bibliography in the back of the book should prove useful for identifying both general books of a comparative or international nature and specific books that deal with the countries covered in the text. The bibliography also identifies journals that publish articles on comparative or international topics. Finally, most countries in the text have internet sites that should facilitate research projects.

CHAPTER 1: ENGLAND

True/False Questions

  1. Great Britain is a federated country consisting of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. F
  2. Like the United States, England has a written constitution. F
  3. A large part of English constitutional law is based on statutes passed in Parliament. T
  4. The English Act of Settlement (1700) assured judges permanent tenure in office based on good behavior. T
  5. Parliament exercises supreme legal authority in England. T
  6. The Human Rights Act (1998) enables English courts to rule on whether a statute passed in Parliament is unconstitutional. F
  7. England follows the constitutional principle of separation of powers in the same manner as the United States. F
  8. Until 2009, the oldest common law court in England was Parliament. T
  9. The Constitutional Reform Act (2005) establishes the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. T
  10. The English tithing was based on principles of self-help and collective responsibility. T
  11. The home secretary influences the management of police forces in England through the issuance of administrative circulars. T
  12. By law, English police have the right to join a labor union. F
  13. Until the creation of the Crown Prosecutor Service, the English police conducted the prosecution of many minor offenses. T
  14. English police are legally accountable to the municipality they serve. F
  15. The English have a multiple-level entry scheme to the police service. F
  16. In England, police consultative committees have been created to improve police and citizen attitudes toward one another. T
  1. English judges perceive their role to be that of applying existing law rather than creating new law. T
  2. Gender discrimination does not exist within the English judiciary because women are well represented on the Court of Appeal and the High Court. F
  3. The ordeals were based on a belief that a court would be guided by a sign that would determine the guilt or innocence of a suspect. T
  4. In England, if the police want to detain a suspect for more than 36 hours, they must seek the approval of a magistrate. T
  5. While a person held for questioning in England has access to a telephone, the police can listen to the contents of all calls. F
  6. Like the United States, the English have established a public defender system. F
  7. While the use of peremptory challenges has been eliminated in England, the defense and prosecution have an unlimited number of challenges for cause. T
  8. Plea bargaining is illegal in England. F
  9. More than 90 percent of all criminal cases in England are handled in magistrates’ courts. T
  10. Victim support schemes in England have been instrumental in protecting children by allowing them to give evidence through closed-circuit television. T
  11. All disciplinary hearings for a prisoner in an English prison are subject to judicial review. F
  12. The English Prison Service has been totally privatized. F
  13. In England, breaches of prison discipline that are considered serious are adjudicated by an independent monitoring board. F
  14. English probation officers view themselves primarily as officers of the court. F
  15. The Prisons and Probation Ombudsman of England is the final source of appeal for inmates who have been disciplined within the prison system. T
  1. An English youth court has original criminal jurisdiction over all offenses involving people under 20 years of age. F
  2. In England, a detention order is primarily designed for young offenders who have a history of reoffending or represent a high risk of reoffending. T
  3. The Royal Commission on Criminal Justice was established in 1991 to consider the effectiveness of the English justice system. T

Multiple-Choice Questions

  1. The significance of Magna Carta (1215) is that it: a. introduced jury trials b. allowed all men over 21 the right to vote c. explained the rights and privileges of the upper class ***** d. abolished trial by ordeal
  2. The English Bill of Rights (1688) assured: a. the election of members to Parliament b. that excessive bail or fines should not be imposed c. that law could not be created without the consent of Parliament d. all of these *****
  3. The supreme legal authority in England is: a. the Lord Chancellor b. the prime minister c. Parliament ***** d. the Monarch
  4. The British constitution consists of: a. statute law b. precedent c. tradition d. all of these *****
  5. The most important component of the English Parliament is: a. the House of Lords b. the House of Commons ***** c. the Monarch d. the prime minister
  6. The English legislation that established the notion that policing was a shared responsibility between the central government and local communities was: a. the Justices of the Peace Act (1327)

a. the Police Complaints Authority b. the home secretary c. the chief constable ***** d. none of these

  1. The legal status of the English police is found in: a. statute law b. administrative directives c. common law d. all of these *****
  2. The Metropolitan Police of London was created in: a. 1835 b. 1829 ***** c. 1839 d. 1856
  3. New directions in training English police were influenced by: a. the Hite Report b. Report of the Royal Commission on Police c. the Scarman Report ***** d. none of these
  4. The probationary period for an English constable is: a. 24 months ***** b. 18 months c. 12 months d. 6 months
  5. King Henry II is credited with creating all but one of the following courts: a. Court of Chancery ***** b. Court of Common Pleas c. Court of Exchequer d. Court of King’s Bench
  6. English universities did not offer courses on the common law until the: a. twentieth century b. eighteenth century c. nineteenth century ***** d. sixteenth century
  7. The head of the English judiciary is: a. the Director of Public Prosecutions b. the Lord Chief Justice ***** c. the Lord Chancellor

d. none of these

  1. If an English police officer violates the criminal law, he or she is prosecuted by: a. the Director of Public Prosecutions ***** b. the attorney general c. the Police Complaints Authority d. the local police authority
  2. England’s Prosecution of Offenses Act (1985) created the office of: a. solicitor general b. Director of Public Prosecutions c. attorney general d. none of these *****
  3. The Ministry of Justice is responsible for: a. the constitution and law b. court service c. probation boards d. all of these *
  4. Judges that handle cases in English Crown courts include: a. recorders b. circuit judges c. justices from the King’s Bench d. all of these *****
  5. The courts that handle the largest percentage of criminal cases in England are: a. magistrates’ courts ***** b. Crown courts c. county courts d. the High Court
  6. In England, trials for major criminal cases are heard in: a. magistrates’ courts b. county courts c. the High Court d. Crown courts *****
  7. The organization that is responsible for the professional conduct of England’s solicitors is: a. the Law Council b. the Law Society ***** c. the British Bar Association d. the Inns of Court
  1. The circumstances in which a person is advised of his or her rights in England are explained in: a. statute law b. case law c. Codes of Practice ***** d. constitutional law
  2. A person under arrest in England must be told of his or her rights: a. at the moment of arrest b. after the first three hours of detention c. once they reach the police station ***** d. after the first six hours of detention
  3. The legal basis for an English police officer to enter and search a premise without a warrant is found in: a. case law b. statute law ***** c. constitutional law d. tradition
  4. In England, bail may be granted by a: a. prosecutor b. magistrate ***** c. legal aid society d. all of these
  5. By exercising the right to remain silent in England, the guilt of a person can be inferred according to the: a. Criminal Justice Act (1993) b. Criminal Justice and Public Order Act (1994) ***** c. Police and Magistrates’ Courts Act (1994) d. Criminal Justice Act (1991)
  6. When a criminal appeal reaches the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, it is generally handled by: a. 3 justices b. 5 justices ***** c. 9 justices d. the full court
  7. The legislation that brought English local prisons under the control of the central government was: a. the Probation of Offenders Act (1907) b. The Prison Act (1877) *****

c. the Prevention of Crime Act (1908) d. none of these

  1. It is generally believed that the British have established a dual purpose for sentencing: a. deterrence and rehabilitation b. isolation and rehabilitation ***** c. retribution and isolation d. deterrence and isolation
  2. The granting of parole to violent or sexual offenders is made by: a. the parole board ***** b. the governor of a prison c. the National Offender Management Service d. the home secretary
  3. Independent monitoring personnel for English prisons are appointed by: a. the minister of justice * b. prison governors c. Crown court judges d. the home secretary
  4. Probation orders in England are issued for a minimum period of at least: a. 24 months b. 12 months ***** c. 9 months d. 6 months
  5. Significant distinctions between juveniles and adults in the English justice system were assured with the passage of the: a. Youthful Offenders Act (1854) ***** b. Probation of First Offenders Act (1887) c. Probation of Offenders Act (1907) d. Children’s Act (1908)
  6. In England, children are exempt from prosecution if they are under the age of: a. 16 b. 14 c. 12 d. 10 *****
  7. The people who normally sit to hear cases in the English youth courts are: a. judges b. recorders c. lay magistrates *****
  1. Write an essay on the English police that describes the organization and administration of the police; explains the legal status of the police; and examines the relationship between the police and the public.
  2. Write an essay on the English judiciary that describes the organization and duties of each court in the judicial hierarchy and explains the various branches of the legal profession.
  3. Write an essay in which the legal position of the English police is explored regarding the power to arrest, the power to search and seize, the power to stop and question, and the power to interrogate.
  4. Write an essay on the English correctional system that describes the organization and administration of the system and explores the noninstitutional sanctions available in England.
  5. Write an essay on the English juvenile justice system that describes the organization and administration of the system and explains the sanctions available to the authorities.
  6. Write an essay on the critical issues confronting the English criminal justice system. In the essay, at least one issue from four of the following components should be represented: police, judiciary, law, corrections, and juvenile justice.
  7. Write an essay on the history of the English criminal justice system. The essay should discuss the historical significance of at least three separate events. Three of the following components of the system should be represented in the discussion: police, judiciary, law, corrections, and juvenile justice.
  8. Write an essay in which you discuss the extent to which England has embraced the rule of law.
  9. Write an essay in which you first explain the differences in Herbert Packer’s Crime Control and Due Process Models and then discuss which model best represents the criminal process of England.

CHAPTER 2: FRANCE

True/False Questions

  1. The French Constitution contains a Bill of Rights. F
  2. The president of France is limited to two consecutive terms in office. F
  3. France has a bicameral parliament that consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. F
  4. Hugh Capet is generally credited with establishing the first police force in France. T
  5. The French police system is characterized as being a highly centralized national police system. T
  6. The French judicial police are responsible for investigating serious crimes. T
  7. In order to serve in the French National Police, one must begin his or her career as a uniformed officer. F
  8. The French Minister of Defense is responsible for the administration of the National Gendarmerie. T
  9. Like the English, the French have a panel of citizens who investigate serious complaints about the police. F
  10. The National Gendarmerie is responsible for policing towns with populations under 16,000. T
  11. According to the text, the French have had a difficult time recruiting qualified candidates for the police service. F
  12. In the French National Police, more than 50 percent of the commissioners of police hold university degrees. T
  13. Because of the relatively low crime rate, French police have not found it necessary to develop a crime prevention program. F
  14. Women cannot serve as police officers in the French National Gendarmerie. F

up to one year. T

  1. An accused has the legal right in France to consult with a lawyer before his or her initial appearance before an investigating judge. T
  2. In France, searches and seizures are legal without a warrant if the crime is flagrant. T
  3. A French chamber of instruction has the authority to rule on the admissibility of evidence. T
  4. The most important source of French criminal law is the Penal Code. T
  5. France has abolished capital punishment. T
  6. France does not have a procedure for bail. F
  7. French trial lawyers strongly support the legal aid scheme. F
  8. While French jurors in a court of assize vote with judges to determine the guilt or innocence of the accused, they do not participate in determining the sentence. F
  9. The Security and Liberty Law (1981) has enhanced the discretionary authority of the French procurator. T
  10. In France, a fine can be imposed on a person who has committed either a crime, delit, or contravention. T
  11. The 1994 Penal Code of France stipulates a maximum and minimum sentence for all offenses. F
  12. In France, the minimum term of incarceration is six months. T
  13. When a person is found guilty of a contravention in France, the sanction is limited to a fine, a noncustodial sentence, or both. T
  14. In France, the work of the probation department is under the control of the post-sentencing judge. T
  15. French police play an active role in diverting juveniles from the formal juvenile justice system. T
  16. In cases involving juveniles, due process procedures are often ignored in France. T
  1. In France, children under 13 years of age are always protected from any type of criminal proceeding. F
  2. When a juvenile between the ages of 15 and 18 commits a crime in France, the case is adjudicated in the court of assize for juveniles. T
  3. Juvenile judges in France are lay people who have a special interest in children. F
  4. Until recently, the French juvenile justice system emphasized a closed treatment model. F

Multiple-Choice Questions

  1. The French Constitution calls for a powerful: a. President ***** b. Council of Ministers c. Premier d. National Assembly
  2. The French government is organized and administered according to the Constitution of the: a. Fourth Republic b. Fifth Republic ***** c. Sixth Republic d. none of these
  3. The person largely responsible for initiating efforts at decentralizing France’s system of government was: a. Charles de Gaulle b. Valery Giscard d’Estaing c. Jean-Marie Le Pen d. Francois Mitterrand *****
  4. The National Police of France was created in: a. 1791 b. 1800 c. 1854 d. 1966 *****
  5. The largest police system in France is: a. the army b. the National Police *****
  1. The idea that the French king was the source of all justice became popular in the: a. tenth century b. twelfth century ***** c. fourteenth century d. sixteenth century
  2. In medieval France, the royal court responsible for criminal matters was: a. the Court of Requests b. the Chamber of Pleas c. the Tournelle ***** d. the Court of Inquests
  3. Until the twelfth century, there was only one coherent unified legal system that could serve as a point of legal reference, and it was: a. Greek law b. Roman law c. canon law ***** d. none of these
  4. The French Constitutional Council handles: a. election complaints ***** b. issues involving the French exclusionary rule c. disputes in the Senate d. all of these
  5. The French Ministry of Justice is responsible for: a. the correctional system b. general administration of the law c. selection and appointment of magistrates d. all of these *****
  6. The ultimate French court of appeal is: a. the Constitutional Council b. the High Court of the Judiciary c. the Court of Cassation ***** d. the Court of Appeal
  7. The period of training for judges and procurators in France is approximately: a. 31 months ***** b. 24 months c. 12 months d. 6 months
  1. The National Bar Council of France is responsible for: a. representing the legal profession before Parliament b. establishing uniformity in the rules and regulations of local bar associations c. supervising regional training centers for lawyers d. all of these *****
  2. French jurors are selected from annual lists established by: a. voting rolls ***** b. the census c. tax rolls d. political party affiliation
  3. French juries are utilized in: a. the courts of minor jurisdiction b. the courts of major jurisdiction c. the courts of assize ***** d. all of these
  4. By law French judges are: a. required to adhere to the principle of stare decisis b. elected to their position c. required to offer a written opinion in their cases ***** d. none of these
  5. The French legal system is often referred to as a: a. civil law system ***** b. socialist law system c. canon law system d. common law system
  6. French inquisitorial procedures have their origins in: a. French custom b. Roman custom c. Roman Catholic custom ***** d. German custom
  7. The introduction of inquisitorial procedures in all French courts occurred during the reign of: a. Francis I ***** b. Louis XIII c. Louis XIV d. Napoleon
  8. French procurators are responsible for defending the specific interests of: a. the state