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The steps to conducting a t-test for dependent samples to determine if there is a statistically significant difference between pretest and posttest scores. The process includes stating the null and research hypotheses, setting the level of risk, choosing the appropriate t-test, running the test using Excel, analyzing the results, and writing up the findings.
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State the null hypothesis and the
research hypothesis: The null hypothesis states that there is no difference between the means of the pretest and posttest scores
The research hypothesis states that there will be a difference in the pretest and posttest scores
Run the t -Test
Using Excel, click on the data tab in your worksheet, then click on data analysis tab, then click on t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means and click OK. Fill in variable 1 range by highlighting the “before” column, fill in variable 2 range by highlighting the “after” column, insert zero in hypothesized mean difference, set Alpha at .05, click on new worksheet under output options (this will create a new worksheet tab and will display the results on that sheet). C:\Users\mwilder\Documents\Classes\80600\SU13\T-Test for Dependent Sample EXAMPLE for 80600.xlsx
Analyze the Results
Looking at the results, begin by comparing the means of the before and after scores (did the mean increase?), then note the t Stat result and compare it to the t Critical two-tail value (is the absolute value of the t Stat larger than the t Critical value?), if so confirm that the p value is less than .05 (if so, then you know that the change in scores is NOT due to chance but that the intervention made a statistically significant