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An overview of computer systems, focusing on memory management, processor scheduling, and database systems. Memory management discusses paging and segmentation methods for managing limited memory resources. Processor scheduling is explained in the context of multi-tasking operating systems. Database systems cover topics such as data models, relational databases, and sql. Interrupts and their handling are also touched upon.
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A distributed OS provides better _______ by...? - ANSProvides better service:
A multi-task operating system is used for many types of personal computers, and it doesn't matter what tasks are being carried out, whereas an embedded system has a function specific to the device it is built into only. An embedded system consumes less power than a multi-task operating system as they are only used for limited functions when needed. E.S. needs to be as fast as possible to give accurate readings for real time traffic updates (e.g. closed road). Both operating systems maximise the experience for the user. Both allow inputs from users. However, the way these are input at different. PC = mouse, keyboard, etc. Sat nav = touchscreen, voice. Both give outputs to users. Both give visual outputs on the screen. Both use sound outputs. Describe a multi-tasking OS. - ANS- As used on your PC, Mac or Laptop
Memory management in a computer for main memory can use either paging or segmentation. i. Explain what is meant by 'paging' [2] ii. Explain what is meant by 'segmentation' [2] iii. State two similarities between paging and segmentation [2] - ANSPaging is where data is broken up into equal blocks (pages), in order to make use of all of the storage available. Then, the pieces of data are put together in order to fully fill the memory available. Uses physical divisions. Segmentation is where the data is separated logically into chunks of unequal size to keep certain code together called segments (such as loops, where, if separated, would be inefficient). The data is then put together in a logical order to get the most out of the memory available.
relationship database - ANSorganized data into multiple tables selecting - ANSeliminating and picking rows single user - ANSone person can use it at a time SQL - From - ANSspecify table SQL - Select - ANSSpecify attribute SQL - Where - ANSSpecify the condition Structured query language (SQL) - ANSstandard language for relational databases Traditional approach - ANSdata files dedicated to each system Attribute - ANScharacteristic of an entity Business Intelligence (BI) - ANStransform raw data into useful information concurrency control - ANStwo or more people attempting to access the same record at the same time data center - ANSdata servers in a building that is climate controlled Data Hierarchy - ANSData in a database organized into sequential levels data item - ANSspecific value of an attribute data mart - ANSsubset of warehouse for a single asset like finance data mining - ANSDiscover patterns and relationships data model - ANSdiagram of data and there relationship data redundancy - ANSdata is copies and separated in several locations data warehouse - ANSstores historical data - like transactions database approach - ANSdata shared with multiple application Database as a service (DaaS) - ANSaccessed by client through network like cloud computing Database Management Systems (DBMS) - ANSinterface between the database and the user DBMS - ANSUsed to create one or more tables Entity Class - ANSRepresenting a row and a generalized class of people, pace or thing Entity-relationship diagram - ANSgraphical symbols to show data
Field (column) - ANSstores a different element of data flat file - ANSrecords with no relationships to others joining - ANScombines two or more tables linking - ANScombines two or more tables that share at least one common data Logical design - ANSabstract model of data that needs to be structured OLAB - ANSSoftware that can explore data in multiple perspectives Physical design - ANSlogical database with cost considerations Primary key - ANSField or set of fields that uniquely identifies the record projecting - ANSeliminates columns Record (row) - ANSData for one item, person or transaction relational database model - ANSdescribes data using a standard tabular format relationship database - ANSorganized data into multiple tables selecting - ANSeliminating and picking rows single user - ANSone person can use it at a time SQL - From - ANSspecify table SQL - Select - ANSSpecify attribute SQL - Where - ANSSpecify the condition Structured query language (SQL) - ANSstandard language for relational databases Traditional approach - ANSdata files dedicated to each system Attribute - ANScharacteristic of an entity Business Intelligence (BI) - ANStransform raw data into useful information concurrency control - ANStwo or more people attempting to access the same record at the same time data center - ANSdata servers in a building that is climate controlled Data Hierarchy - ANSData in a database organized into sequential levels data item - ANSspecific value of an attribute data mart - ANSsubset of warehouse for a single asset like finance
SQL - Select - ANSSpecify attribute SQL - Where - ANSSpecify the condition Structured query language (SQL) - ANSstandard language for relational databases Traditional approach - ANSdata files dedicated to each system Attribute - ANScharacteristic of an entity Business Intelligence (BI) - ANStransform raw data into useful information concurrency control - ANStwo or more people attempting to access the same record at the same time data center - ANSdata servers in a building that is climate controlled Data Hierarchy - ANSData in a database organized into sequential levels data item - ANSspecific value of an attribute data mart - ANSsubset of warehouse for a single asset like finance data mining - ANSDiscover patterns and relationships data model - ANSdiagram of data and there relationship data redundancy - ANSdata is copies and separated in several locations data warehouse - ANSstores historical data - like transactions database approach - ANSdata shared with multiple application Database as a service (DaaS) - ANSaccessed by client through network like cloud computing Database Management Systems (DBMS) - ANSinterface between the database and the user DBMS - ANSUsed to create one or more tables Entity Class - ANSRepresenting a row and a generalized class of people, pace or thing Entity-relationship diagram - ANSgraphical symbols to show data Field (column) - ANSstores a different element of data flat file - ANSrecords with no relationships to others joining - ANScombines two or more tables linking - ANScombines two or more tables that share at least one common data Logical design - ANSabstract model of data that needs to be structured
OLAB - ANSSoftware that can explore data in multiple perspectives Physical design - ANSlogical database with cost considerations Primary key - ANSField or set of fields that uniquely identifies the record projecting - ANSeliminates columns Record (row) - ANSData for one item, person or transaction relational database model - ANSdescribes data using a standard tabular format relationship database - ANSorganized data into multiple tables selecting - ANSeliminating and picking rows single user - ANSone person can use it at a time SQL - From - ANSspecify table SQL - Select - ANSSpecify attribute SQL - Where - ANSSpecify the condition Structured query language (SQL) - ANSstandard language for relational databases Traditional approach - ANSdata files dedicated to each system