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It is an economic system based on the private ownership of wealth. Regarding to this conception,. The Man of Property by John Galsworthy reflected some symbols ...
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A Final Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English
by Fikhi Zakhiyati 2211411011
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To my beloved mother, father, brother, sister, little brother, and uncle for their ending support and prayer for me
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Praise to Allah the merciful and the greatest, the one who possess the universe and everything in it. Because of His grace, I as the researcher can finally finish my final project entitled Depiction of Capitalist Society through Symbols as Reflected in The Man of Property by John Galsworthy. First of all, a sincere gratitude is delivered to Maria Johana Ari Widayanti, S.S, M.Si as the first advisor for her entire patience, valuable guidance, encouragement, and time throughout the process of accomplishing my study in regard to my endeavor to make this study as comprehensive as possible. Afterward, I also express my biggest remembrances for to the chairperson, secretary, and first examiner and second examiner of my board of examination. Then to the head of English Department and the lecturers in Semarang State University, I give my special honor for their precious lesson and assistance during my study. The biggest devotion of mine is always be with my dearest parents Karsini and Shodiqin, my brother Muhammad Muzaim, my sister Mazidatun Ni’mah and my little brother Muhammad Muzaki. Not to mention I also express my heartfelt thanks to my uncle Andika Suprapto. I would have never finished my final project without their irreplaceable care, unstoppable prayers and support. Last but not least, my special thanks are presented to all friends in English Department especially Yulianto and Ferry Yudha Hermawan and all friends in Latansa Kost for the support and togetherness, joyful experiences, and beautiful moments.
Fikhi Zakhiyati
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TITLE .................................................................................................................. i APPROVAL ........................................................................................................ ii STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP ................................................................... iii MOTTO AND DEDICATION ........................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................. v ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... vi TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................... vii LIST OF APPENDIXES .................................................................................... x CHAPTHER 1 – INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study .............................................................................. 1 1.2 Reason for Choosing the Topic ................................................................... 5 1.3 Statement of the Problems ........................................................................... 6 1.4 Objectives of the Study................................................................................ 6 1.5 Significance of the Study ............................................................................. 7 1.6 Outline of the Study ..................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 2 – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Review of Previous Study ........................................................................... 9 2.2 Theoretical Review ...................................................................................... 12 2.2.1 Intrinsic Elements of Novel ............................................................. 12 2.2.1.1 Character ........................................................................... 13 2.2.1.2 Plot .................................................................................... 14 2.2.1.3 Setting ............................................................................... 14 2.2.1.4 Structure ............................................................................ 14
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Chapter I presents introduction of the study which consists of general background of the study, reason for choosing the topic, research problems, objectives of the study, significance of the study, and outline of the report. Description of each subchapter is presented as follows.
A society consists of all the groups which the individuals within it are members. It is the largest group to which many individuals belong. It is made up population, organization, time, place, and interest. It means that society is defined by a large group of the same species that lives together in the same place, time, organization and interest. People are born into an ongoing society with already-made culture as a part of society. They should act and behave appropriately following norms, culture, and customs in their society. In short, each individual has to behave appropriately with the regulation of the society where he or she lives. The culture, which society makes, consists of patterned ways of thinking, feeling, and reacting, acquired and transmitted mainly by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievements of human groups, including their embodiments in artifacts (Wellek and Warren, 1949:55). In the broad sense, human culture includes everything that all the people in the society know, believe, and expect, that is being transmitted
People read or watch a work of literature for some reasons. They not only want to gain enjoyment but also want to find some benefits from the work as people learn that literature has some values to contribute to moral education. Literature helps people grow both personally and intellectually. It develops their imagination, increases their understanding, and deepens their powers of sympathy (Robert, 1998:2). Therefore, literature is one of the sources of information we need which can encourage our way of thinking. By reading, watching and analysing literary works, people can get some benefits, so it can develop someone’s intellectual capacity and sensitivity in responding to surrounding.
Wellek and Warren (1949:94) stated that literature represents “life” and “life” is in large measure, a social reality, even though the natural world and their inner subjective world of individual have also objects of literary “imitation”. Thus, literature is one of media for people to express their ideas, thoughts, experiences and imaginations. Literature also helps people know about life, including its conflict, culture, habit, ambition, social, and even political life.
The study of social phenomena can be done through literary works, such as novel. According to Clara Reeve excerpted by Wellek and Warren (1949:223), novel is one of many literary work forms. It is a picture of real life and manners, and of the time in which it is written. Novel is also used in its broadest sense to designate any extended fictional narrative almost always in prose (Wellek and Warren, 1949:342). People are interested in the story presented in a novel not only by the fun of fantasy, but also by their interest in reality. A novel can give its readers a deeper picture of problems or situations people face in the real world. By
reading a novel, the readers can see how people act, think, and react to the conflict they have. Novel can also function as a reflection for people to be more critical about their lives.
Based on the explanation above, when people watch or read the literary works, such as a novel, they can capture not only the imaginative story that the author creates, but also the factual need of information. For example, a good novel contains moral values, and people who have a deep interest in literature, usually analyse the moral values that are delivered in various forms. It means that different people could capture different moral values through the story depending on their literary interest.
The moral values of the novel can be delivered through symbols. The symbols can be in the form of the characters that play their characteristics or from the atmosphere of the story itself. Basically, symbols indicate and represent ideas, concepts, and other abstractions. Moreover, the symbols are created when an object or living thing comes to stand in our minds for an idea or feeling. Furthermore, the moral values can be shown by the symbols, as quoted by David A. Pharies that a symbol is a sign which refers to the object that it denotes by virtue of a law, usually an association of general ideas, which operates to cause the symbol to be interpreted as referring to that object (Wellek and Warren, 1949:40). He also stated that symbol is connected with its object by virtue of the idea of the symbol-using mind, without which no such connection would exist (1949:41). Thus, symbol is something such an object, picture, written word, a sound, a piece of music, or a particular work that represents something else by
idea and issue about social life because it is important and obviously happen in people’s every day of life.
Secondly, the novel is also interesting to be discussed because symbols of capitalist society have not been explored before. Some of previous researchers had discussed about capitalist society, but most of them only explained the social system and social class phenomenon. In this study the researcher wants to give some explanation about the implementation of symbols and its use in people life.
Thirdly, the novel has many deep moral values that represent the recent issue which are represented through its symbols. This study can help people to understand the condition of their social life and social environment. Thus, they can take the best way and action to encounter any issues in their lives.
In order to have a thorough analysis; this final project will be focused on the following problems stated below:
The objectives of this study are:
After analysing the novel, the researcher has the benefit of understanding how John Galsworthy constructed the symbols of capitalist society as reflected in The Man of Property novel as what is inside the story. The result of this study will hopefully be useful for the students in understanding capitalist society, especially about the upper-class of British society and its social life. Besides, the researcher can state two significances of the study into the following statements:
The first significance of this study is theoretical value. It can improve readers’ knowledge about literature and its relation to the other sciences. The second significance of this study is practical value. It can improve knowledge for researcher especially in making a research. This final project can also be a reference for the next researcher, and the study will give information for those who are interested to conduct another study with the similar topic.
The discussion of the study will be divided into chapters and subchapters. The explanation of each chapter can be elaborated as follow:
This chapter discusses review of the previous studies which have similar topic or related topic with this study, theoretical reviews, and theoretical framework. In theoretical reviews, there are discussions about intrinsic elements of novel, sociology in literature, symbol, capitalist society, and England in nineteenth century.
In a study conducted by Tri Anna Kusumastuti (2009), it was found out that there were symbols of the Nature Destruction in Ang Lee’s Film Hulk. The film was about a transformation of the main character; Bruce into a Hulk caused by a genetic mutation experimented by his father, David. The purposes of this study were to find out what symbols of the nature destruction reflected in the film, how the symbols reflected the nature destruction, and explain how those symbols described recent condition. The symbols in the film could be in form of the characters that represent ideas or concepts of our nowadays condition. In this study, it is clear that the writer says symbols can have the deep moral values found in literary works, and they can be the picture of our today condition and heighten our awareness toward life. Although this study is comprehensive enough as a starting point, unfortunately, the researcher still needs more adequate data to support the research.
The other study which has similar topic is by Ibnu Hajar (2009) entitled Symbolic Meaning of the Fairy Tale of the Nightingale. He said that the Nightingale was the reflection of the authors' personal life_._ This study described that the author who had much imagination, their personal life could be reflected into their literary works. Regarding to this conception, the main focus of this study was to elaborate the meaning of the author’s literary work,Hans Christian Andersen, his personal life reflected into his literary work, a fairy tale of The Nightingale , through his biography, The True Story of My Life. Based on the analysis, the writer of this study found out that there are symbolic meanings of the fairy tale of the nightingale which based on our cultural and historical tradition. Related to the personal life of the author, some of the cultural and historical traditions in symbolic meaning are reflections of the authors’ personal life. This study can be one of references to support the research, but the researcher would say that such research needs to be continued with topics which are more specific. Another study is conducted by Elisabeth Oseanita Pukan (2011). In her study entitled Socialism vs. Capitalism as Reflected in George Orwell’s Animal Farm, Pukan analyzed the battle between Socialism and Capitalism as adopted ideologies and systems in society. Her final project was aimed at analyzing the tone of the novel; finding out the positions of Socialism and Capitalism in Animal Farm ; and knowing the reposition of Socialism and Capitalism in the work. The result of her study was that there was no perfect ideology and system. Every system had its own weaknesses when it attempted to establish an ideal condition for society. The truth about certain ideology was not
