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intro to symbolic interactionism
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Psikologi Sosial 2020/ syanes.adishesa@atmajaya.ac.id
Particularly useful in understanding social interaction
Focuses on structure of society
Useful in understanding enduring interpersonal relationship
Factors that affect individual’s behavior in specific situations
Particularly useful in understanding social interaction symbolic interactionism
three major premises “Human beings act toward things on the basis of the meanings these things have for them.” first “Meanings are modified through our continued experience.” third “Meanings are the product of social interaction.” second
THE SELF ● Mead: individuals view themselves by taking the points of view of others in society ○ Sense of self is developed through social interaction ○ People first develop awareness of others, and only later develop an awareness of self ● Two-stage process of self-awareness: ○ Play & games ○ Role-taking ● Generalized other ○ a set of standard common to a social group ○ enable us to view ourselves as object & evaluate our behavior THE SELF ● Mead: individuals view themselves by taking the points of view of others in society ○ Sense of self is developed through social interaction ○ People first develop awareness of others, and only later develop an awareness of self ● Two-stage process of self-awareness: ○ Play & games ○ Role-taking ● Generalized other ○ the general notion that a person has of the common expectations that others have about actions and thoughts within a particular society. ○ enable us to view ourselves as object & evaluate our behavior
SCHOOLS OF SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM Chicago Iowa Dramaturgical Founders GH Mead Herbert Blumer Manford Kuhn Erving Goffman Unit of analysis individual group Social interaction Focus Individual's behavior based on subjective realities and meaning given to current situation (not predetermined by roles and attitudes) Roles limit/form individual's behavior but do not really determine them How people present themselves in front of others = as performance on the stage. Mode of research Different from existing methods Using existing research methods Unique terms Sensitizing concepts TST Identity salience Stigma "Normals" Focuses on structure of society ROLE THEORY
MULTIPLE ROLES Individuals cannot fill all the expectations associated with each roles Role strain Interrole (seperate role are incompatible) or intrarole (contradictory expectation in one role) role conflict More roles = better function in society, but... Useful in understanding enduring interpersonal relationship. EXCHANGE THEORY
THE PROPOSITIONS OF EXCHANGE THEORY
Note: Reward in exchange theory is not necessarily material reward. POWER AND EXCHANGE Power = the control of reward & punishment
TYPES OF LEARNING
CONCEPT CHECK
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