18BT46 Clinical Biochemistry syllabus
Module-1
METABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES AND LIPIDS:
Glycolysis–metabolism. Aerobic and anaerobic pathway and regulation, TCA cycle, NADPH Cycle,
Glyoxylate cycle, Pentose Phosphate Pathway. Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation,
energy balance sheet. Gluconeogenesis – regulation of gluconeogenesis. Biosynthesis of
polysaccharides. Biosynthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, phospholipids, glycolipids. Biodegradation of
triglycerides and fatty acids.
Module-2
DISORDERS OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM:
Diabetes mellitus, glycohemoglobin, hypo-glycaemia, galactosemia and ketone bodies. Various types
of glucose tolerance tests. Glycogen storage diseases. Physiology of lipids/lipoproteins. Lipidosis.
Clinical interrelationships of lipids (sphingolipidosis and multiple sclerosis), lipoproteins and
apolipoproteins. Diagnostic tests for HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride disorders.
Module-3
METABOLISM OF AMINO ACIDS AND NUCLEIC ACIDS:
Biosynthesis and catabolism of essential amino acids: Lysine, Phenylalanine and Glutamine.
Deamination, transamination and urea cycle. Metabolism and regulation of Purines, pyrimidine and
precursors of nucleic acids (nucleosides & nucleotides).
Module-4
DISORDERS OF AMINO ACIDS AND NUCLEIC ACIDS METABOLISM AND HORMONAL
DISTURBANCES:
a) Disorders of amino acid metabolism - Phenylalanemia, homocystinuria, tyrosinemia, MSUD,
phenylketonuria, alkaptonuria, albinism and aminoaciduria. b) Disorders of nucleic acid metabolism-
Disorders in purine/ pyrimidine metabolism. c) Protein hormones (anterior pituitary hormones,
posterior pituitary hormones), steroid hormones, adrenocorticosteroids, and reproductive
endocrinology. Disturbances in thyroid function.
Module-5
DISORDERS OF ACID-BASE BALANCE AND THEIR RESPIRATORY AND RENAL
MECHANISMS:
Evaluation of organ function tests, Assessment and clinical manifestations of renal, hepatic, pancreatic,
gastric and intestinal functions. Clinical importance of bilirubin. Diagnostic enzymes: Principles of
diagnostic enzymology. Clinical significance of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase,
creatine kinase, aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase. Enzyme tests in determination of myocardial
infarction. Enzymes of pancreatic origin and biliary tract.
