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Surgical Assist Exam Prep II (Weekly Tests) with 100%
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When performing a coronary artery by-pass graft procedure, what vessel is placed between the coronary artery and the ascending aorta? - ✔✔segmented saphenous vein Why is intraoperative cholangiography performed? - ✔✔to evaluate biliary anatomy What is the most common cause of large bowel obstruction? - ✔✔colon cancer Claudication is a common symptom of what disease? - ✔✔peripherial arterial occlusive What is the percentage of finding gallstones in the common bile duct? - ✔✔5%
What is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism? - ✔✔single parathyroid adenoma This form of breast cancer is highly aggressive and presents with a tender, inflamed, erythematous painful breast, which can be mistaken for a breast abscess. - ✔✔inflammatory What medical problem in the surgical patient can lead to post operative viral infections? - ✔✔upper respiratory tract infection Asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm should be repaired when the diameter exceeds what value? - ✔✔5.5 cm What takes precedence in a trauma patient with uncontrolled hemorrhagic injuries and an intracranial hematoma? - ✔✔gaining control of bleeding How is diaphragmatic rupture repaired? - ✔✔thoracotomy What is the major cause of cerebrovascular accidents? - ✔✔occlusion Which of the following is the most common primary CNS tumor and infiltrates the brain early on? - ✔✔glioma According to the text, surgical repair of what aortic aneurysm requires use of cardiopulmonary bypass to sustain body perfusion? - ✔✔ascending What type of injury is characteristic of a human or animal bite? - ✔✔avulsion Which terms involves transplantation from a non-identical donor to a recipient of the same species? - ✔✔allograft
What is the most frequently injured organ in abdominal trauma? - ✔✔liver Cushing's syndrome is caused by excessive secretion of what steriod hormone? - ✔✔cortisone When surgically treating a vascular trauma patient, what should the first assistant do? - ✔✔control above and below bleeding What diagnostic test is mandatory if any form of therapeutic intervention is being considered in patients with lower limb arterial disease? - ✔✔arteriography Which type of clinical melanoma is the most common? - ✔✔superficial spreading What does incarceration of a paraesophageal hernia cause? - ✔✔gastric outlet obstruction What is one major preventative measure instituted in the operating room to prevent thrombosis in the surgical patient? - ✔✔applying compression stockings What is the most common form of shock encountered by the surgical team? - ✔✔hypovolemic What are the consequences of post-op splenectomy? - ✔✔increase in circulating platelet levels Critical lab ischemia can be defined as a limb in which the ankle systolic pressure is less than what? - ✔✔50 mmHg What is the cause of parietal peritoneum pain in the acute abdomen? - ✔✔pus What document must be completed and in the patients chart prior to the beginning of the surgical procedure? - ✔✔consent for surgery
Which of the following thyroid carcinomas is the most common and has the best prognosis? - ✔✔papillary What is the most common idiopathic transmural inflammatory disease of the small intestine? - ✔✔Chron's disease When does hyper-acute rejection in the transplant patient take place? - ✔✔minutes to hours What type of cerebral injury results in the formation of a pathway for endogenous pathogens to enter the brain and cause infection? - ✔✔skull base fractures Which type of hernia is congenital and develops when the peritoneal sac through which the testicle decends into the scrotum remains patent? - ✔✔indirect What form of shock could the surgeon encounter involving major gastrointestinal blood loss? - ✔✔hemorrhagic What type of peripheral aneurysm is most frequent? - ✔✔popliteal What is the most common cause of intraluminal upper urinary tract obstruction? - ✔✔calculus What should the surgical assistant immediately assess concerning the unconscious trauma patient? - ✔✔airway Cell culture is a term referring to the use of cell monolayer for cultivation of obligate intracellular pathogens such as? - ✔✔chlamydias. Which is a free-living amoeba known to cause meningitis in the immunosuppressed and keratitis in contact lens wearers. - ✔✔acanthamoeba The ESR is the speed at which a column of _____________ settles. - ✔✔red blood cells
Aspirin reduces the rate of cardiovascular events in patients with stable angina and should be given to all patients unless they have a? - ✔✔clear contraindication Myocardial cells require ___________ to function. - ✔✔oxygen Heparin __________ clotting in the myocardial arteries. - ✔✔inhibits Antiplatelet agents prevent - ✔✔platlet aggregation. Loop diuretics are more powerful than thiazides and must be used cautiously to avoid - ✔✔dehydration. Vasopressors constrict blood vessels and improve cardiac function by stimulating - ✔✔adrenergic receptors. Angina is another term for________. - ✔✔chest pain When atrial flutter occurs, the atrial impulse reenters and depolarizes at - ✔✔ 250 - 350 impulses per minute. Peripheral antiadrenergics prevent norepinepherine release from - ✔✔peripheral nerve terminals. Which of the following diuretic medications osmotically inhibits sodium and water reabsorption? - ✔✔Mannitol Calcium entry blockers prevent calcium influx into the muscle cells of - ✔✔blood vessel walls. How many classes of lipid-lowering agents (lipoproteins) are there? - ✔✔ 6 What structure is considered to be the pacemaker of the heart? - ✔✔sinoatrial node
Diuretics reduce blood pressure and edema by - ✔✔increasing urine production. Which of the following anti-hypertensives diuretics draw water into the urine without interfering with ion secretion or absorption in the kidney? - ✔✔osmotic Which class of drugs antagonizes adrenergic receptors? - ✔✔II Alpha and beta blockers compete with endogenous agonists for - ✔✔adrenergic receptors. Calcium channel blockers are equally effective as beta-blockers in reducing anginal symptoms in - ✔✔stable patients. Adrenergic agonists increase blood pressure by stimulating the heart, and/or constricting - ✔✔peripheral blood vessels. Beta blockers reduce ischemic burden in unstable angina by: - ✔✔decreasing heart rate and blood pressure What vitamin is required for clotting factors to be activated? - ✔✔K Successful treatment of pulmonary edema reduces the risk of: - ✔✔secondary right heart failure Thiazide diuretics inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption in the _____________. - ✔✔distal tubule Improper inhalation administration of bronchiodilators is an explanation for - ✔✔therapeutic failure Corticosteroids benefit patients with obstructive lung disease by: - ✔✔reducing inflammation
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is sometimes responsible for - ✔✔hospital acquired infections Which bactericidal drug prevents the transfer of cell wall precurser from plasma membrane to cell wall?
- ✔✔vancomycin When Candida infects the mouth it is called __________. - ✔✔thrush Currently there are three categories of anti-HIV drugs: nucleoside analogs, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and ________________ inhibitors. - ✔✔protease Where is Staph aureus most likely to cause an infection? - ✔✔Skin What must bacteria do to proteins in order to survive? - ✔✔synthesize Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites composed of either DNA or __________. - ✔✔RNA Tuberculosis and leprosy are known and what type of bacterial diseases? - ✔✔mycobacteria Reactive Airway Disease causes decreased oxygenation of the lungs secondary to - ✔✔tracheobronchial constriction Viruses are obligate intracellular ____________ composed of either DNA or RNA wrapped in a protein nucleocapsule. - ✔✔parasites What is the drug of choice for presumed fungemia? - ✔✔amphotericin Anaerobes colonize the skin, gastrointestinal tract and _____________of all persons. - ✔✔mouth Tuberculosis often presents with pulmonary symptoms but may involve lymph nodes, bones, skin and _____________. - ✔✔meninges
If strep throat is left untreated, it may elicit an immunologic reaction in the heart, joints and other tissues that is called __________ fever. - ✔✔rheumatic Which of the following is considered the gold standard for identification of microbes. - ✔✔cultures The sensitivity of bacteria to various antibiotics is determined by growing cultures in the presence of the antibiotics of interest. This is called: - ✔✔Sensitivity determination Third generation cephalosporins are effective against many Gram-negatives and they - ✔✔penetrate the brain well First generation cephalosporins are effective against Gram-positive organisms but subsequent generations reduced it effectiveness to - ✔✔gram-positive organisms Common Gram-negative pathogens that normally inhabit the GI tract fall into what group? - ✔✔enterics Hormonal anticancer drugs ____________ receptors, preventing endogenous growth-promoting hormones from binding. - ✔✔antagonize Some tumors become resistant to several classes of antitumor agents, even though they have never been exposed to some of these agents. This is called __________ drug resistance. - ✔✔multi-drug Leukemias and lymphomas are derived from ___________ cells. - ✔✔Immune Tumor cells are derived from normal cells in which proliferation is - ✔✔poorly controlled Hematopoietic Agents are ________________ produced by cultured mammalian cells. - ✔✔glycoproteins
Joint inflammation and tissue damage - ✔✔characterize arthritis Tylenol lacks ___________ actions in its usage. - ✔✔anti-inflammatory What is the immunostimulating agent that is indicated for Kaposi's sarcoma? - ✔✔interferons There are anti-inflammatory agents capable of inhibiting or - ✔✔stimulating specific immune pathways Which of the following nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents is less likely to cause GI bleeding and tinnitis but may cause acute interstitial nephritis? - ✔✔dolobid Which of the following nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents is contraindicated in patients with GI lesions? - ✔✔indocin Which antigout agent fosters the elimination of uric acid release from leukemia cells?? - ✔✔allopurinol Symptoms of inflammation include _________ , redness, and tenderness. - ✔✔heat Immunosuppressants not only help prevent rejection of transplanted organs but also prevents - ✔✔erythroblastosis fetalis
