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A series of multiple-choice questions and answers related to surgical procedures and conditions. It covers a wide range of topics, including coronary artery bypass grafts, biliary anatomy, large bowel obstruction, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, hyperparathyroidism, breast cancer, trauma management, and more. Designed to help students prepare for surgical assist exams and gain a deeper understanding of surgical concepts.
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When performing a coronary artery by-pass graft procedure, what vessel is placed between the coronary artery and the ascending aorta? - ✔✔segmented saphenous vein Why is intraoperative cholangiography performed? - ✔✔to evaluate biliary anatomy What is the most common cause of large bowel obstruction? - ✔✔colon cancer Claudication is a common symptom of what disease? - ✔✔peripherial arterial occlusive What is the percentage of finding gallstones in the common bile duct? - ✔✔5%
What is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism? - ✔✔single parathyroid adenoma This form of breast cancer is highly aggressive and presents with a tender, inflamed, erythematous painful breast, which can be mistaken for a breast abscess. - ✔✔inflammatory What medical problem in the surgical patient can lead to post operative viral infections? - ✔✔upper respiratory tract infection Asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm should be repaired when the diameter exceeds what value? - ✔✔5.5 cm What takes precedence in a trauma patient with uncontrolled hemorrhagic injuries and an intracranial hematoma? - ✔✔gaining control of bleeding How is diaphragmatic rupture repaired? - ✔✔thoracotomy What is the major cause of cerebrovascular accidents? - ✔✔occlusion Which of the following is the most common primary CNS tumor and infiltrates the brain early on? - ✔✔glioma According to the text, surgical repair of what aortic aneurysm requires use of cardiopulmonary bypass to sustain body perfusion? - ✔✔ascending What type of injury is characteristic of a human or animal bite? - ✔✔avulsion Which terms involves transplantation from a non-identical donor to a recipient of the same species? - ✔✔allograft
What is the most frequently injured organ in abdominal trauma? - ✔✔liver Cushing's syndrome is caused by excessive secretion of what steriod hormone? - ✔✔cortisone When surgically treating a vascular trauma patient, what should the first assistant do? - ✔✔control above and below bleeding What diagnostic test is mandatory if any form of therapeutic intervention is being considered in patients with lower limb arterial disease? - ✔✔arteriography Which type of clinical melanoma is the most common? - ✔✔superficial spreading What does incarceration of a paraesophageal hernia cause? - ✔✔gastric outlet obstruction What is one major preventative measure instituted in the operating room to prevent thrombosis in the surgical patient? - ✔✔applying compression stockings What is the most common form of shock encountered by the surgical team? - ✔✔hypovolemic What are the consequences of post-op splenectomy? - ✔✔increase in circulating platelet levels Critical lab ischemia can be defined as a limb in which the ankle systolic pressure is less than what? - ✔✔50 mmHg What is the cause of parietal peritoneum pain in the acute abdomen? - ✔✔pus What document must be completed and in the patients chart prior to the beginning of the surgical procedure? - ✔✔consent for surgery
Which of the following thyroid carcinomas is the most common and has the best prognosis? - ✔✔papillary What is the most common idiopathic transmural inflammatory disease of the small intestine? - ✔✔Chron's disease When does hyper-acute rejection in the transplant patient take place? - ✔✔minutes to hours What type of cerebral injury results in the formation of a pathway for endogenous pathogens to enter the brain and cause infection? - ✔✔skull base fractures Which type of hernia is congenital and develops when the peritoneal sac through which the testicle decends into the scrotum remains patent? - ✔✔indirect What form of shock could the surgeon encounter involving major gastrointestinal blood loss? - ✔✔hemorrhagic What type of peripheral aneurysm is most frequent? - ✔✔popliteal What is the most common cause of intraluminal upper urinary tract obstruction? - ✔✔calculus What should the surgical assistant immediately assess concerning the unconscious trauma patient? - ✔✔airway Cell culture is a term referring to the use of cell monolayer for cultivation of obligate intracellular pathogens such as? - ✔✔chlamydias. Which is a free-living amoeba known to cause meningitis in the immunosuppressed and keratitis in contact lens wearers. - ✔✔acanthamoeba The ESR is the speed at which a column of _____________ settles. - ✔✔red blood cells
Aspirin reduces the rate of cardiovascular events in patients with stable angina and should be given to all patients unless they have a? - ✔✔clear contraindication Myocardial cells require ___________ to function. - ✔✔oxygen Heparin __________ clotting in the myocardial arteries. - ✔✔inhibits Antiplatelet agents prevent - ✔✔platlet aggregation. Loop diuretics are more powerful than thiazides and must be used cautiously to avoid - ✔✔dehydration. Vasopressors constrict blood vessels and improve cardiac function by stimulating - ✔✔adrenergic receptors. Angina is another term for________. - ✔✔chest pain When atrial flutter occurs, the atrial impulse reenters and depolarizes at - ✔✔ 250 - 350 impulses per minute. Peripheral antiadrenergics prevent norepinepherine release from - ✔✔peripheral nerve terminals. Which of the following diuretic medications osmotically inhibits sodium and water reabsorption? - ✔✔Mannitol Calcium entry blockers prevent calcium influx into the muscle cells of - ✔✔blood vessel walls. How many classes of lipid-lowering agents (lipoproteins) are there? - ✔✔ 6 What structure is considered to be the pacemaker of the heart? - ✔✔sinoatrial node
Diuretics reduce blood pressure and edema by - ✔✔increasing urine production. Which of the following anti-hypertensives diuretics draw water into the urine without interfering with ion secretion or absorption in the kidney? - ✔✔osmotic Which class of drugs antagonizes adrenergic receptors? - ✔✔II Alpha and beta blockers compete with endogenous agonists for - ✔✔adrenergic receptors. Calcium channel blockers are equally effective as beta-blockers in reducing anginal symptoms in - ✔✔stable patients. Adrenergic agonists increase blood pressure by stimulating the heart, and/or constricting - ✔✔peripheral blood vessels. Beta blockers reduce ischemic burden in unstable angina by: - ✔✔decreasing heart rate and blood pressure What vitamin is required for clotting factors to be activated? - ✔✔K Successful treatment of pulmonary edema reduces the risk of: - ✔✔secondary right heart failure Thiazide diuretics inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption in the _____________. - ✔✔distal tubule Improper inhalation administration of bronchiodilators is an explanation for - ✔✔therapeutic failure Corticosteroids benefit patients with obstructive lung disease by: - ✔✔reducing inflammation
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is sometimes responsible for - ✔✔hospital acquired infections Which bactericidal drug prevents the transfer of cell wall precurser from plasma membrane to cell wall?
If strep throat is left untreated, it may elicit an immunologic reaction in the heart, joints and other tissues that is called __________ fever. - ✔✔rheumatic Which of the following is considered the gold standard for identification of microbes. - ✔✔cultures The sensitivity of bacteria to various antibiotics is determined by growing cultures in the presence of the antibiotics of interest. This is called: - ✔✔Sensitivity determination Third generation cephalosporins are effective against many Gram-negatives and they - ✔✔penetrate the brain well First generation cephalosporins are effective against Gram-positive organisms but subsequent generations reduced it effectiveness to - ✔✔gram-positive organisms Common Gram-negative pathogens that normally inhabit the GI tract fall into what group? - ✔✔enterics Hormonal anticancer drugs ____________ receptors, preventing endogenous growth-promoting hormones from binding. - ✔✔antagonize Some tumors become resistant to several classes of antitumor agents, even though they have never been exposed to some of these agents. This is called __________ drug resistance. - ✔✔multi-drug Leukemias and lymphomas are derived from ___________ cells. - ✔✔Immune Tumor cells are derived from normal cells in which proliferation is - ✔✔poorly controlled Hematopoietic Agents are ________________ produced by cultured mammalian cells. - ✔✔glycoproteins
Joint inflammation and tissue damage - ✔✔characterize arthritis Tylenol lacks ___________ actions in its usage. - ✔✔anti-inflammatory What is the immunostimulating agent that is indicated for Kaposi's sarcoma? - ✔✔interferons There are anti-inflammatory agents capable of inhibiting or - ✔✔stimulating specific immune pathways Which of the following nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents is less likely to cause GI bleeding and tinnitis but may cause acute interstitial nephritis? - ✔✔dolobid Which of the following nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents is contraindicated in patients with GI lesions? - ✔✔indocin Which antigout agent fosters the elimination of uric acid release from leukemia cells?? - ✔✔allopurinol Symptoms of inflammation include _________ , redness, and tenderness. - ✔✔heat Immunosuppressants not only help prevent rejection of transplanted organs but also prevents - ✔✔erythroblastosis fetalis