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Supplementary table 1: ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes used for the identification of major bleeding and endoscopy
Bleeding episode type ICD-9 codes ICD-10 codes Intracranial 430 (Subarachnoid), 431 (intracerebral), 432.0 (other and unspecified intracranial bleeding), 432.1 (subdural), 432. (unspecified intracranial bleeding)
I60 (Subarachnoid), I (intracerebral), I62.0 (subdural), I62.1 nontraumatic extradural), I62. (intracranial, nontraumatic, unspecified) Upper gastrointestinal 531.0 (acute gastric ulcer with bleeding without obstruction), 531.2 (acute gastric ulcer with bleeding and perforation without obstruction), 531. (chronic or unspecified gastric ulcer with bleeding without obstruction), 531.6 (chronic or unspecified gastric ulcer with bleeding and perforation without obstruction)
K92.0 (haematemesis), K92. (melaena), I85.0 (oesophageal varices with bleeding), I98.20 (oesophageal varices in diseases classified elsewhere with bleeding),
532.0 (acute duodenal ulcer with bleeding without obstruction), 532. (acute duodenal ulcer with bleeding and perforation without obstruction), 532. (chronic or unspecified duodenal ulcer with bleeding without obstruction), 532.6 (chronic or unspecified duodenal ulcer with bleeding and perforation without obstruction),
I98.3 (Oesophageal varices with bleeding in disease classified elsewhere), K22.10 (Ulcer of oesophagus, acute with bleeding), K22.12 (Ulcer of oesophagus, acute with both bleeding and perforation),
533.0 (acute peptic ulcer of unspecified site with bleeding without obstruction), 533.2 (acute peptic ulcer of unspecified site with bleeding and perforation without obstruction), 533.4 (chronic or unspecified peptic ulcer of unspecified site with bleeding without obstruction), 533.6 (chronic or unspecified peptic ulcer of unspecified site with bleeding and perforation without obstruction),
K22.14 (Ulcer of oesophagus, chronic or unspecified with bleeding), K22.16 (Ulcer of oesophagus, chronic or unspecified with both bleeding and perforation), K25.0 (Gastric ulcer, acute with bleeding), K25.2 (Gastric ulcer, acute with both bleeding and perforation),
534.0 (acute gastrojejunal ulcer with bleeding without obstruction), 534. (acute gastrojejunal ulcer with bleeding and perforation without obstruction), 534.4 (chronic or unspecified gastrojejunal ulcer with bleeding without obstruction), 534.6 (chronic or unspecified gastrojejunal ulcer with bleeding and perforation without obstruction),
K25.4 (Gastric ulcer, chronic or unspecified with bleeding), K25. (Gastric ulcer, chronic or unspecified with both bleeding and perforation), K26.0 (Duodenal ulcer, acute with bleeding), K26.2 (Duodenal ulcer, acute with both bleeding and perforation),
578.0 (hematemesis), 578.1 (blood in stool), 578.9 (bleeding of gastrointestinal tract unspecified)
K26.4 (Duodenal ulcer, chronic or unspecified with bleeding), K26. (Duodenal ulcer, chronic or unspecified with both bleeding and perforation), K27.0 (Peptic ulcer, acute with bleeding), K27.2 (Peptic ulcer, acute with both bleeding and perforation), K27.4 (Peptic ulcer, chronic or unspecified with bleeding), K27. (Peptic ulcer, chronic or unspecified with both bleeding and perforation), K28.0 (Gastrojejunal ulcer, acute with bleeding), K28.2 (Gastrojejunal
ulcer, acute with both bleeding and perforation), K28.4 (Gastrojejunal ulcer, chronic or unspecified with bleeding), K28. (Gastrojejunal ulcer, chronic or unspecified with both bleeding and perforation), K29.0 (Acute bleeding gastritis), K63.80 (Angiodysplasia of small intestine, except duodenum with bleeding), K31.80 (Angiodysplasia of stomach and duodenum with bleeding) Lower gastrointestinal 569.3 (bleeding of rectum and anus), K55.20 (Angiodysplasia of colon with bleeding), K62.5 (bleeding of anus and rectum), K92. (Gastrointestinal bleeding, unspecified) Other bleeding 287.8 (other unspecified hemorrhagic conditions), 287.9 (unspecified hemorrhagic conditions), 596. (bleeding into bladder wall), 784. (bleeding from throat),
N02.0 (Recurrent and persistent haematuria, minor glomerular abnormality) , N02.1 (Recurrent and persistent haematuria, focal and segmental glomerular lesions), N02. (Recurrent and persistent haematuria, diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis), N02. (Recurrent and persistent haematuria, diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis), 599.7 (hematuria, unspecified), 627. (postmenopausal bleeding), 459. (bleeding unspecified), 719. (hemarthrosis site unspecified),
N02.4 (Recurrent and persistent haematuria, diffuse endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis), N02.5 (Recurrent and persistent haematuria, diffuse mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis), N02. (Recurrent and persistent haematuria, dense deposit disease), N02. (Recurrent and persistent haematuria, diffuse crescentic glomerulonephritis), 786.3 (hemoptysis, unspecified) N02.8 (Recurrent and persistent haematuria, other), N02.9 (Recurrent and persistent haematuria, unspecified), K66. (Haemoperitoneum), N93.8 (Other specified abnormal uterine and vaginal bleeding), N93.9 (Abnormal uterine and vaginal bleeding, unspecified), N95. (Postmenopausal bleeding), R04. (bleeding from throat), R04. (Haemoptysis), R04.8 (bleeding from other sites in respiratory passages), R04. (bleeding from respiratory passages, unspecified), R31.0 (Gross hematuria), R31.1 (Microscopic hematuria), R31.8 (Other and unspecified hematuria), R58 (bleeding, not
Supplementary table 2 Baseline characteristics of participants excluded from the study based on the
lack of an outpatient serum creatinine measurement
Variables
Overall study cohort
No outpatient serum creatinine p-value n=12403 n= Females (%) 49.3 51.6 0. Age (mean; SD) 77.7 (7.0) 77.7 (7.7) 0. First Nations status (%) 0.7 0.7 0. Hypertension (%) 15.2 16.5 0. Diabetes (%) 6.9 6.2 0. Charlson comorbidities Cancer 17.7 12.4 <0. Cerebrovascular disease 20.1 21.9 0. Congestive heart failure 40.3 35.7 <0. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 34.0 33.6 0. Dementia 6.8 8.1 0. Metastatic solid tumour 2.9 1.8 0. Myocardial infarction 25.2 21.6 <0. Mild liver disease 1.6 1.5 0. Moderate or severe liver disease 0.3 0.4 0. Paralysis 2.9 4.7 <0. Peptic ulcer disease 4.6 3.8 0. Peripheral vascular disease 12.3 9.5 <0. Rheumatic disease 4.3 2.5 <0. Previous admission to hospital for hemorrhage 4.8 4.3 0. CHADS 2 score (%) 0 5.1 6.
<0.
Proteinuria (%) Normal 52.8 39.1 <0.
Drug use
Supplementary figure 1 Kaplan-Meier curves showing the cumulative incidence of major bleeding
- Mild 14.7 11. - Heavy 6.2 4.
- Not measured 26.4 44.
- Antiplatelet agents 1.4 1.1 0. - NSAIDs 14.1 13.9 0. - PPIs 33.1 24.8 <0. - Rural 20.7 25. Region (n, %) - Urban 78.5 73.3 <0. - Unknown 0.9 1. - 1 19.2 22. Income quintiles - 0. - 2 21.3 20. - 3 19.8 19. - 4 17.8 17. - 5 18.6 16. - Unknown 3.3 4.
