Download Lunar Phases and Tides: Understanding Earth's Moon and Ocean Currents and more Study notes Astrophysics in PDF only on Docsity!
Sun Moon
New moon
Waning crescent
28 days, about 1 month
Waxing crescent
First quarter
Waxing gibbous
Full moon
Waning gibbous
Third/last quarter
-Name _____________________________ Period: __________ Science Teacher: __________
Reporting Category 3: Earth and Space
Lunar Phases - 8.7B
Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the ____________ & _______________.
Moon phase at position 1: _______________________
Moon phase between 1 & 2: _____________________
Moon phase at position 2: _______________________
Moon phase between 2 & 3: _____________________
Moon phase at position 3: _______________________
Moon phase between 3 & 4: _____________________
Moon phase at position 4: _______________________
Moon phase between 4 & 1: _____________________
Time it takes for the moon to revolve around the Earth: __________________________________
Which of these shows the position of the Sun, Moon, and Earth when a full moon phase occurs?
a. b.
c. d.
Approximately how long does it take for the Moon to go from new moon to full moon?
a. 1 day
b. 6 – 8 days
c. About 2 weeks
d. About 1 month
365.25 days, 1 year
Northern Hemisphere
Spring
Which word best describes the changes in the Moon’s appearance during the sequence above? a. Gibbous b. Waning
c. Crescent d. Waxing
Which diagram best represents the next phase that will occur in the sequence?
a. b.
c. d.
What is the name of the phase of the Moon in the picture?
a. New moon b. Gibbous c. Half moon d. Quarter moon
What is the name of the phase of the Moon in the picture?
a. Crescent b. Gibbous c. Quarter moon d. Half moon
Seasons - 8.7A
Time it takes for the Earth to revolve around the Sun: ____________________________________
In the model to the left, which hemisphere of Earth is experiencing summer?
When Earth reaches Position T in the model, which season will Texas experience?
Convection
Earth’s Tides – 8.7C
In the box to the left, indicate which diagram represents a Spring Tide and which diagram represents a Neap Tide.
Which moon locations represent a spring tide?
a. W and X b. Y and Z c. W and Y d. X and Z
Which two positions bring higher than normal high tides?
a. Positions 1 and 2 b. Positions 1 and 3 c. Positions 2 and 3 d. Positions 2 and 4
Solar Energy and Convection - 8.10A
________________________ is the transfer of heat through the motion of matter, such as in liquids and gases.
The Sun’s unequal heating of Earth and the Coriolis effect cause permanent: a. global wind patterns. b. rain clouds. c. deep ocean currents. d. thermohaline currents.
Which of the following provides the energy that drives convection within the ocean and atmosphere? a. Pressure b. Sun c. Weather d. Winds
Spring Tide
Neap Tide
Use the illustration below for the next 3 questions.
What does the illustration on the left panel show (above)? a. a sea breeze b. a land breeze c. the Coriolis effect d. cold fronts
What does the illustration on the right panel show? a. a sea breeze b. a land breeze c. the Coriolis effect d. cold fronts
What is the name of the process that causes the events shown in the illustration panels above? a. radiation b. conduction c. convection d. weathering
What does the illustration below show?
a. North Atlantic Gyre b. surface ocean currents c. large clockwise rotation d. all of the above
Explain how/why the sun heats the Earth unevenly.
The sun’s rays hit more directly at the equator, causing higher temperatures in that area. In the poles, the sun’s rays are more spread out (not hitting at a direct angle), which causes cooler temperatures.
Look at the picture provided. The eastern coast of Brazil is experiencing a low pressure system. What type of weather should the people living in this are prepare for?
a. Sunny b. Clear skies c. Precipitation d. Drought
Oceans & Weather- 8.10C
When air moves from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure, it causes — a. an increase in temperature b. rain to fall c. the wind to blow d. a decrease in elevation
The ocean plays an important role in the formation of storm systems such as hurricanes because-- a. the wide, open area allows strong winds to develop b. the warm, tropical waters provide the energy that drives the storm c. the high tides push the water higher on the beaches d. salt water holds thermal energy longer than freshwater
Reference the map provided to answer this question. Stavanger, Norway, has a warmer climate than the rest of Norway. What could cause this?
a. Stavanger is the southernmost city. b. The Gulf Stream current carries warm water to the Stavanger area. c. The Arctic current carries cold water toward Norway. d. There is no sea ice in the region to create the cold, deep ocean currents.
Which of the following statements is supported by the map of ocean currents? a. Warm ocean currents bring warmer temperatures to the west coast of the United States. b. Warm ocean currents bring warmer temperatures to the west coast of South America. c. Cool ocean currents bring cooler temperatures to the west coast of the United States. d. Warm ocean currents bring cooler temperatures to the west coast of southern Africa.
Which of these best explains why the oceans have a greater impact on the weather than areas over the continents? a. Ocean waves move more easily than continental rock. b. The oceans contain a wider variety of organisms than the continents. c. The oceans store and transfer more heat than the continents. d. Ocean water contains more salt than most continental lake water
Hurricanes are caused by warm air rising that results in the rapid spinning of clouds. When fueled by warm ocean currents, a hurricane is formed. Which of the following would prevent a hurricane from growing bigger? a. A tropical wind moving in the direction of the hurricane b. A warm ocean current moving in the direction of the hurricane c. A decrease in the salinity of the ocean d. A cold ocean current moving in the direction of the hurricane
Milky Way
Stars, Galaxies & Universe - 8.8A
The major characteristic that determines the life cycle of a star is – A. The type of nebula that created it B. The mass of the star C. The color of the star D. The density of the star
Label each of the following types of galaxies.
The Earth is a member of the ______________ _________ Galaxy.
Which of the following can be found in galaxies? A. Stars, interstellar gas, and dust B. Stars, mini-galaxies, dust C. Dust, gas, and millions of black holes D. Spiral galaxies and irregular galaxies
Spiral galaxy Elliptical galaxy^ Irregular galaxy
Brightness (magnitude, luminosity) and temperature (directly related to color)
What does the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram tell us about the star, Betelgeuse? (8.8A) a. It has a low surface temperature and high luminosity b. It has high surface temperature and high luminosity c. It has low surface temperature and low luminosity d. It has high surface temperature and low luminosity
In the provided Herztsprung-Russell diagram, we see a group of stars in the Main Sequence. What is the relationship between a star’s temperature and luminosity (brightness)? a. As the temperature increases, the luminosity decreases. b. As the temperature decreases, the luminosity increases. c. As the temperature increases, the luminosity increases. d. There is no relationship between temperature and luminosity.
What star characteristics are used to classify them on the H-R Diagram?
The Sun – 8.8B
The provided graphic represents a model of three different stars. Which model is the best representation of our Sun?
a. The small blue/white star b. The medium yellow star c. The large red star d. Our Sun is not represented here
The distance light travels in one year
Electromagnetic Waves – 8.8C
Look at the representation of the electromagnetic spectrum. What part of the electromagnetic spectrum can be observed with the unaided eye?
a. Visible light b. Infrared
c. Radio waves d. Gamma rays
Light Years – 8.8D
Define light-year:
Which of the following would astronomers most likely measure in light-years? a. Distance between stars b. Distance between Earth and the Moon c. Time it takes to travel to Jupiter d. Time it takes sunlight to reach Earth
If aliens living in each of these galaxies were looking at earth through telescopes at the same time, which aliens would be last to receive current information?
a. W b. X c. Y d. Z
Alfred Wegener
Proposed that the continents had once been joined, and over time had drifted apart.
Proxima Centauri is 4.2 light years away from Earth. How long has its light been traveling to reach us?
a. 4.2 minutes b. 4.2 days c. 4.2 months d. 4.2 years
Plate Tectonics – 8.9A
What scientist is credited for proposing the theory of continental drift?
What did this theory state?
Which of the following statements is not supported by the plate tectonic theory? a. Continents move through the seafloor crust. b. Locations of volcanoes and earthquakes can be explained. c. Seafloor spreading provides evidence to support the plate tectonic theory. d. There are three different types of plate boundaries associated with the direction of plate movement
The diagram shows how the ocean floor is spreading. The new ocean floor made of molten rock is being formed at a mid-ocean ridge. Which best describes where the molten rock comes from? a. The crust b. Volcanoes under the ocean floor c. Masses of land to either side of the ocean d. The mantle just beneath Earth’s crust
Which table represents a land feature or geologic process that occurs at each type of boundary pictured?
a. b.
c. (^) d.
Q R S T
Many scientists believe that convection currents in the asthenosphere between South America and Africa caused the separation of the two continents and the formation of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Which diagram best represents the convection currents in the plate tectonic theory?
Which of these features is formed by the separation of the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates?
a. Ice cave b. Rift valley c. Deep trench d. Flat plateau
Draw a line connecting each landform to its topographic map.
What would you look for in a series of topographic maps to determine that erosion has occurred?
a. A widening of the spaces between contour lines b. A crossing of contour lines c. An increase in the number of rivers d. Wind speed and direction values
Based on the information above, which of the following is a valid conclusion? a. The force of the earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011 was limited to areas near Japan. b. Events like earthquakes and tsunamis have the greatest impact on areas south of the actual events. c. The force of the earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011 had far-reaching consequences. d. The Sulzberger Ice Shelf in Antarctica was already weak and, therefore, likely to be damaged by an earthquake or tsunami.
Human Impact on Groundwater – 7.8C
Street signs around the city of Austin, Texas warn citizens against dumping waste liquids in certain areas. The signs state that these areas are aquifer recharge zones where large quantities of water can flow into the aquifer. Why should dumping be limited in recharge areas? a. Liquid waste may directly enter the groundwater. b. Austin is too close to the Gulf coast. c. Water should be recycled. d. There is a water shortage in Austin.
