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Summary, Aphy 101 Final Exam Questions and Answers: Anatomy and Physiology Review, Summaries of Anatomy

A comprehensive set of questions and answers covering key concepts in anatomy and physiology. it's a valuable resource for high school or university students studying aphy 101, offering a robust review of essential topics such as neurotransmitters, tissue types, bone structure, and muscle function. The q&a format facilitates self-assessment and knowledge reinforcement, making it an excellent study aid for exam preparation.

Typology: Summaries

2024/2025

Uploaded on 05/08/2025

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Anatomy and Physiology Review
Questions
Anatomy and Physiology Concepts
Bone and Joints
A flat bone is identified. The thigh bone is also noted. Joints are also
referred to as articulations. Bones of a synovial joint are held together by a
joint capsule. The femur is the longest bone in the body. It is possible to
determine if a child's long bone is growing by examining a radiograph of the
bone and looking for an epiphyseal plate.
Sensory Receptors and Nervous System
Baroreceptors are a type of sensory receptor. The most rapid conduction of
an impulse along an axon occurs on a fiber that is thick and myelinated. The
increase in the number of motor units activated as a result of more intense
stimulation is called recruitment. Nerve fibers scattered throughout the
dermis are associated with muscles, glands, and sensory receptors. Most of
the neurons in the brain and spinal cord are multipolar. A pole vaulter
keeps track of his position in mid-air through proprioceptors. The
consequence of sensory nerve fibers crossing over is that the right
hemisphere of the cerebrum receives sensory impulses originating on the
left side of the body and vice versa. The functional connection between a
neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber is a synapse. If the area of the cerebral
hemisphere corresponding to Broca's area is damaged, motor control of the
muscles associated with speech is lost. Masses of myelinated nerve fibers
appear white. The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and
spinal cord. Transmitting an impulse from one neuron to another involves
an impulse stimulating a presynaptic axon to release a neurotransmitter
into a synaptic cleft. Pain receptors respond to factors that can damage
tissue.
Taste and Sensation
Pungent is not a primary taste sensation. The color receptors in the retina
are most sensitive to light waves that are red, green, and blue.
Tissue Types and Histology
The organization of cells is a characteristic used to name tissue types.
Histology is the study of tissues. Epithelial tissue functions in secretion,
absorption, and protection. The tissue through which gases are exchanged
between the blood and the air in the lungs is simple squamous epithelium.
Cartilage tissues are likely to be slow in healing following an injury because
chondrocytes do not have direct blood supplies.
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Anatomy and Physiology Review

Questions

Anatomy and Physiology Concepts

Bone and Joints

A flat bone is identified. The thigh bone is also noted. Joints are also referred to as articulations. Bones of a synovial joint are held together by a joint capsule. The femur is the longest bone in the body. It is possible to determine if a child's long bone is growing by examining a radiograph of the bone and looking for an epiphyseal plate.

Sensory Receptors and Nervous System

Baroreceptors are a type of sensory receptor. The most rapid conduction of an impulse along an axon occurs on a fiber that is thick and myelinated. The increase in the number of motor units activated as a result of more intense stimulation is called recruitment. Nerve fibers scattered throughout the dermis are associated with muscles, glands, and sensory receptors. Most of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord are multipolar. A pole vaulter keeps track of his position in mid-air through proprioceptors. The consequence of sensory nerve fibers crossing over is that the right hemisphere of the cerebrum receives sensory impulses originating on the left side of the body and vice versa. The functional connection between a neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber is a synapse. If the area of the cerebral hemisphere corresponding to Broca's area is damaged, motor control of the muscles associated with speech is lost. Masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear white. The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. Transmitting an impulse from one neuron to another involves an impulse stimulating a presynaptic axon to release a neurotransmitter into a synaptic cleft. Pain receptors respond to factors that can damage tissue.

Taste and Sensation

Pungent is not a primary taste sensation. The color receptors in the retina are most sensitive to light waves that are red, green, and blue.

Tissue Types and Histology

The organization of cells is a characteristic used to name tissue types. Histology is the study of tissues. Epithelial tissue functions in secretion, absorption, and protection. The tissue through which gases are exchanged between the blood and the air in the lungs is simple squamous epithelium. Cartilage tissues are likely to be slow in healing following an injury because chondrocytes do not have direct blood supplies.

Epidermis and Skin

The epidermis is described by multiple correct characteristics. The nail plate is produced by specialized epit. Sweat cools the body by evaporation.

Muscle Physiology

While examining a sample of muscle tissue under a microscope, you notice that the cells are multinucleated, indicating skeletal muscle. The functional unit of muscle contraction is the sarcomere. Myofibrils are composed primarily of actin and myosin. Transverse tubules transmit muscle impulses into the cell interior. The muscle that adducts and flexes the arm is the coracobrachialis. A motor unit is a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates.

Cellular Biology and Chemistry

Chemistry deals with the composition and changes of substances that make up living as well as non-living matter. The major components of the cell membrane are lipids and proteins, specifically a phospholipid bilayer. A protein is formed from a sequence of amino acids. Humans require vitamins in their diets because these nutrients act as coenzymes. The term anabolic metabolism refers to biochemical reactions that synthesize compounds. The genetic code is the correspondence between a sequence of three DNA nucleotides and a specific amino acid. A molecule that carries energy in a form the cell can use is ATP. Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems illustrate increasing levels of complexity.

Chemical Reactions and Bonds

The reaction NaNO3 + HCl → HNO3 + NaCl is an exchange reaction. When K+ and Cl- meet, they will form KCL with an ionic bond. In an ionic bond, oppositely charged atoms attract.

Anatomical Terminology

The origin of the term 'anatomy' is related to the Greek word for 'cutting up.'

Meninges and Infections

If a person contracted meningitis (an inflammation of the meninges due to infection), the pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater would be inflamed and swollen.

Eye Conditions

Treatment for a cataract is usually removal of the lens.