Anatomy and Physiology Review
Questions
Anatomy and Physiology Concepts
Bone and Joints
A flat bone is identified. The thigh bone is also noted. Joints are also
referred to as articulations. Bones of a synovial joint are held together by a
joint capsule. The femur is the longest bone in the body. It is possible to
determine if a child's long bone is growing by examining a radiograph of the
bone and looking for an epiphyseal plate.
Sensory Receptors and Nervous System
Baroreceptors are a type of sensory receptor. The most rapid conduction of
an impulse along an axon occurs on a fiber that is thick and myelinated. The
increase in the number of motor units activated as a result of more intense
stimulation is called recruitment. Nerve fibers scattered throughout the
dermis are associated with muscles, glands, and sensory receptors. Most of
the neurons in the brain and spinal cord are multipolar. A pole vaulter
keeps track of his position in mid-air through proprioceptors. The
consequence of sensory nerve fibers crossing over is that the right
hemisphere of the cerebrum receives sensory impulses originating on the
left side of the body and vice versa. The functional connection between a
neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber is a synapse. If the area of the cerebral
hemisphere corresponding to Broca's area is damaged, motor control of the
muscles associated with speech is lost. Masses of myelinated nerve fibers
appear white. The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and
spinal cord. Transmitting an impulse from one neuron to another involves
an impulse stimulating a presynaptic axon to release a neurotransmitter
into a synaptic cleft. Pain receptors respond to factors that can damage
tissue.
Taste and Sensation
Pungent is not a primary taste sensation. The color receptors in the retina
are most sensitive to light waves that are red, green, and blue.
Tissue Types and Histology
The organization of cells is a characteristic used to name tissue types.
Histology is the study of tissues. Epithelial tissue functions in secretion,
absorption, and protection. The tissue through which gases are exchanged
between the blood and the air in the lungs is simple squamous epithelium.
Cartilage tissues are likely to be slow in healing following an injury because
chondrocytes do not have direct blood supplies.
