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Biology 9 Tissue Lab
Objectives To understand the basic structure, function, and location of the four tissue types found in the human body. To be introduced to one of the many free and valuable internet resources available with which to study the human body.
For this lab, you will use a combination of tissue slides provided in class during the lab period, your textbook, as well as the histological images from "The JayDoc Histoweb" of the University of Kansas Medical Center. The web address is http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/index.htm. This site can be accessed directly from the instructor's website.
Notice the menu buttons on the ride side of the home page. You will view images accessed by clicking on the following menu buttons: epithelia, connective, cartilage, muscle, and nervous. We are skipping both bone and blood as connective tissue types since we will study them in greater depth in later lectures and labs.
Sketch each type of tissue as you work on the following pages in the spaces indicated and give an example of where each tissue type is found. You can use the information at this site, given in lecture, or from your text to name locations.
Be sure to read the accompanying text. Don't worry about terminology and specific names of structures not discussed in class. Just get the general idea of the structure and its basic characteristics as described in lecture and the textbook.
Epithelial Tissue Click on "Epithelia". View images 1 and 2 (simple squamous), 3 and 4 (simple cuboidal), and 5 and 6 (simple columnar). Notice that each image can be enlarged by clicking on "expanded view".
View images 7 and 8 of "Pseudostratified Columnar" epithelia. Note the presence of cilia and goblet cells in the image of the trachea. You will learn more about their structure and function in later lectures.
View images 9 and 10 of "Transitional" epithelia. This expandable cell type is found only in the urinary bladder.
View images 11 through 15 of "Stratified Squamous" epithelia. There are images of both keratinizing and non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelial tissue. Notice the differences in the keratinized layer depending on the skin location.
View images 16 and 17 of "Stratified Cuboidal" epithelia. This cell type is not commonly found in the body.
Click on "Back to the JayDoc Histoweb" at the bottom left corner of the page to return to the main menu.
Loose and Dense Connective Tissue (CT) Click on "Connective". View images 4 through 6 to examine collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers, respectively.
View images 7 and 8 of "Loose CT". Notice the various cell types and fibers present. View image 9 of "Dense Irregular CT" and compare it to the two previous images to understand the difference between loose and dense connective tissue.
View images 10 through 12 of a tendon. Is this an example of loose or dense CT?
Cartilage Click on "Back to the JayDoc Histoweb" then "Cartilage". Recall it is a type of supportive or specialized connective tissue. View images 1 through 3 of "Hyaline" cartilage. Notice the small nests of cartilage cells called chondrocytes sitting in spaces in the matrix called lacunae. Hyaline cartilage is the most prevalent form of cartilage found in the body. Recall that the fetal skeleton is made of this type of cartilage. It is later replaced by bone.
View images 4 through 7 of "Elastic" cartilage. Note the large amount of elastic fibers hence its name. Elastic cartilage is more flexible than hyaline cartilage because of the large amount of wavy elastic fibers in its matrix. This type of cartilage provides strength and elasticity.
View images 8 through 10 of "Fibrocartilage". Fibrocartilage contains fewer cells than either hyaline or elastic cartilage. Like hyaline cartilage, its matrix contains collagen fibers. Fibrocartilage is made to withstand pressure.
Note that you can sketch either elastic or fibrous cartilage. You do not need to sketch both types. Just be sure to label the cartilage type you have chosen.
Muscle Tissue Click on "Back to the JayDoc Histoweb" then "Muscle".
View images 1 through 7 of "Skeletal" muscle. Notice the peripheral location of the elongated muscle cell nuclei and the presence of alternating dark and light bands that form the cross striations. You will learn more about these bands and skeletal muscle in general when we study the muscular system.
View images 8 through 11 of "Smooth" muscle tissue. Notice the spindly shape of the smooth muscle cells, their centrally placed nuclei, and the absence of striations.
View images 15 through 19 of "Cardiac" muscle. Note the central location of the cell nuclei, the branching of the muscle cells, and the bands connecting several of the cells called intercalated discs. Striations in the cardiac muscle cells can be seen in several of the images.
Nervous Tissue Click on "Back to the JayDoc Histoweb" then "Nervous". Nervous tissue is composed of two major cell types, neurons and neuroglial (AKA glial cells). View image 15 of an astrocyte. They are star-shaped cells that perform many functions, including biochemical support of endothelial cells which form the blood-brain barrier, the provision of nutrients to the nervous tissue, and a principal role in the repair and scarring process in the brain. We will learn more about other glial cells and neurons when we study the nervous system.
Hyaline cartilage Elastic or Fibrous Cartilage Location: Location:
Smooth muscle Skeletal muscle Location: Location:
Cardiac muscle Nervous tissue: glial cell Location: Location:
Answer the following questions. Define tissue:
Generally speaking, state the functions of the four types of tissues found in the body. Epithelial tissue:
Connective tissue:
Muscle tissue:
Nervous tissue:
What is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body?
