BIOL 1110 Study Guide Exam 2
Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell
1. How do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells?
2. How do plant cells differ from animal cells?
3. What limits the size of cells?
4. What is the function of ribosomes?
5. List the components of the endomembrane system, describe their functions and summarize
the relationships among them.
6. List the types of vacuoles and explain how their functions differ.
7. What are the functions of the three types of cytoskeletal fibers?
8. Describe the structure of intercellular junctions found in plant and animal cells.
Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function
1. Describe the fluid-mosaic model of the structure of the plasma membrane.
2. Explain how membrane fluidity is influenced by membrane composition (saturated and
unsaturated fats).
3. What is the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane of animal cells?
4. How do membrane carbohydrates function?
5. Describe how proteins and lipids move within the cell membrane.
6. What is membrane potential?
7. Describe the process of diffusion and explain why it is passive transport.
8. Define osmosis and predict the direction of water movement based upon differences in solute
concentration.
9. Describe the behavior of living cells with and without walls in hypotonic, hypertonic, and
isotonic solutions.
10. How are large molecules transported across the cell membrane? Distinguish between the
three types of endocytosis.
Chapter 8 An Introduction to Metabolism
1. Distinguish between kinetic and potential energy. Give examples of each.
2. How do anabolic pathways differ from catabolic pathways? Give an example of each.
3. Explain the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics.
4. What happens during an energy transformation?
5. Compare exergonic and endergonic reactions.
6. Explain what is meant by G (free energy) and relate it to enthalpy, temperature, entropy, and
equilibrium.
7. Describe the energy profile of a chemical reaction (activation energy, free energy change, &
transition state).
8. What is an enzyme? How do enzymes speed up metabolism?
9. Explain how enzyme activity can be regulated or controlled by environmental conditions (pH
and temperature), cofactors, enzyme inhibitors (competitive and noncompetitive), and
allosteric regulators.
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
1. Define oxidation and reduction.
2. What is the equation for cellular respiration? What is oxidized? What is reduced?
3. List the three stages of cellular respiration. Describe the location, molecules in and molecules
out for each stage.
4. What is the final electron acceptor for the electron transport chain?
5. Describe chemiosmotic phosphorylation.
6. How many ATP molecules are produced from the oxidation of one molecule of glucose?
7. Describe fermentation. What are the products of alcohol and lactic acid fermentation?
8. What is the flow of electrons during aerobic respiration?
