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Study Guide for Exam 1 - General Psychology | PSYC 101, Exams of Psychology

University of North Carolina (UNC) - Chapel HillPsychology
Prof. Jeannie Loeb

Material Type: Exam; Professor: Loeb; Class: GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY; Subject: PSYCHOLOGY; University: University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill;

Typology: Exams

2011/2012
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While watching an exquisite sunset you stop and analyze your experience-
the colors, thoughts, feelings. You would be performing introspection as the
STRUCTURALISTS once did
While of the following is not a major area of specilization in research
psychology? Development, social, iNDUSTRIAL/ORGANIZATIONAL,
personality
Which psychologist believed that psych should be the study of overt behavior
only? WATSON
Jessica was doing research on memory. Which current divisoin of psych
would her research fall under? COGNITIVE PSYCH
Who was the first person to have established a psychology lab in the us?
STANLEY HALL
Geoge wants to know what advantages there are for people who have ADHD.
What movement of psych likely prompted george to study this topic?
POSITIVE PSYCH
You want to know how morality develops. Which division of psych would
study this? DEVELOPMENT PSYCH
The part of the neuron which the action potential travels through is the
AXON
Which neurotransmittter involved with movement and addiction?
DOPAMINE
The strength of the EXCITATORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL degrades over
distance and time while the ACTION POTENTIAL does not degrade over
distance and time
If you are concerned about permanent physical damange following a
procedure designed to investigate the relationship between brain
functioning and behavior, you would be least likely to undergo a LESIONING
PROCEDURE
While the PARASYMPATHETIC n.s. is associated w/conserving bodily
resources, the SYMPATHETIC n.s. mobilizes body’s resources for
emergencies
This procedure uses a large mag net, radio waves, and computerized
enhancement to provide us structural info about brain. It has remarkably
high resolution. What procedure? MRI SCAN
Researchers found that the concordance rate of depression in monozygotic
twins was 87% while the concordance rate of depression in dizygotic was
15%. Which is true? THE RESEARCHES LIKELY CONCLUDE THAT
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS PLAY GREATER ROLE IN DEPRESSION THAN
ENVIRONMENT
Which is considered to be part of the immune sys b/c involved w/getting rid
of waste productes and invaders like bacteria and viruses? MICROGLIA
A massive stroke that damages which of the following brain structures is
most liekly to be fatal since the structure regulates vital functions such as
breathing and circulation? MEDULLA
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 While watching an exquisite sunset you stop and analyze your experience- the colors, thoughts, feelings. You would be performing introspection as the STRUCTURALISTS once did  While of the following is not a major area of specilization in research psychology? Development, social, iNDUSTRIAL/ORGANIZATIONAL, personality  Which psychologist believed that psych should be the study of overt behavior only? WATSON  Jessica was doing research on memory. Which current divisoin of psych would her research fall under? COGNITIVE PSYCH  Who was the first person to have established a psychology lab in the us? STANLEY HALL  Geoge wants to know what advantages there are for people who have ADHD. What movement of psych likely prompted george to study this topic? POSITIVE PSYCH  You want to know how morality develops. Which division of psych would study this? DEVELOPMENT PSYCH  The part of the neuron which the action potential travels through is the AXON  Which neurotransmittter involved with movement and addiction? DOPAMINE  The strength of the EXCITATORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL degrades over distance and time while the ACTION POTENTIAL does not degrade over distance and time  If you are concerned about permanent physical damange following a procedure designed to investigate the relationship between brain functioning and behavior, you would be least likely to undergo a LESIONING PROCEDURE  While the PARASYMPATHETIC n.s. is associated w/conserving bodily resources, the SYMPATHETIC n.s. mobilizes body’s resources for emergencies  This procedure uses a large mag net, radio waves, and computerized enhancement to provide us structural info about brain. It has remarkably high resolution. What procedure? MRI SCAN  Researchers found that the concordance rate of depression in monozygotic twins was 87% while the concordance rate of depression in dizygotic was 15%. Which is true? THE RESEARCHES LIKELY CONCLUDE THAT BIOLOGICAL FACTORS PLAY GREATER ROLE IN DEPRESSION THAN ENVIRONMENT  Which is considered to be part of the immune sys b/c involved w/getting rid of waste productes and invaders like bacteria and viruses? MICROGLIA  A massive stroke that damages which of the following brain structures is most liekly to be fatal since the structure regulates vital functions such as breathing and circulation? MEDULLA

 Which structure of brain involved with reguation of biological needs involved with survival (eating, drinking, temp reg, sex drive)? HYPOTHALAMUS  Julie suffered brain damage during car accidnet. Damage to frontal lobe. Which is a likely symptom from this damange? PROBLEMS WITH MOTOR MOVEMENTS  When a low freq wavelength hits your retina, this is SENSATION but if you see red this is PERCEPTION  The fovea is the area of the retina where VISUAL ACUITY is best in large part because the fovea contains only CONES  Where does neural info from the inside part of the eye, closest to the nose, go to be further processed in the brain? CROSSES TO THE OTHER SIDE OF THE BRAIN, TO THE PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX  Researcher propsed we have at least 2 types of neurons related to color vision- one to ocnvey to brain there was blue or yellow and another to convey to brain that there was red or green in visual field. Which theory? OPPONENT PROCESS THEORY  Most people see a triangle instead of 3 partial circles b/c perceptual bias to see world in certain ways. Example of CLOSURE  Tap piano key softly then same key with a lot of force, second note louder b/c difference in AMPLITUDE of sound wave  Place theory suggest that EACH RECEPTOR ON THE BASILAR MEMEBRANE HAS A “PREFERRED” WAVELENGTH OF SOUND TO WHICH IT RESPONDS MOST STRONGLY TO  All of the following are where transduciton occurs EXCEPT- hairs on basilar membrance, hairs in the most upper regions of the nose, BUMPS ON CENTER OF TONGUE, cones/rods  What order does light pass before being transduhairs in the most upper regions of the ced? Pupil-ganglion cells-bipolar cells  Which is true? Umami is a primary taste (not true- retinal disparity used for color vision, taste hair last for 2 months)  George cut finger and felt sharp, burning pain. Which fibers are transmitting info to brain? A-DELTA FIBERS  Michael in soccer game then sprained ankle but didn’t notice pain until after game. Why? ACCORDING TO THE GATE CONTROL THEORY, A CENTRAL TRIGGER CLOSED THE PAIN GATES, WHICH ARE LOCATED IN THE SPINAL CORD  Janice dizzy and nauseous. Infection of INNER EAR  When people are sleep-deprived, all my occur EXCEPT when allowed to sleep, people will spend more time in slow-wave sleep than usual, WHEN ALLOWED TO SLEEP, PEOPLE WILL SPEND MORE TIME IN STAGE 1 SLEEP THAN USUAL, paranoia, when allowed to sleep people will spend more time in REM than usual  Research has shown all to be true EXCEPT jet lag is when internal clock out of sync with environmental cues, organisms w/more immature brains at birth are liekly to spend more time in rem sleep, DREAMS ARE MEANINGFUL AND

 Neville threw tantrums when didn’t get what wanted, at party threw fit when didn’t get 2nd^ piece of cake so parents gave him cake. Neville throws tantrum when others around b/c of POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT  Jack loved tv. Bad report card so no tv for 2 weeks. Parents hoping no more bad grades. NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT  Mariah developed a fear of water when she fell of a river raft last summer. This year tooks wimming lessons and thought she had overcome her fear. But as soon as stepped on rat, terrified. SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY  Tim wanted birds to play ping pong so gave treats as got closer. SHAPING.  Taste aversion is unlike other conditioning situations b/c there can be ane xtended time delay between the CS&UCS presentations, where a short- delayed presentation is best for conditiong  When diana 3, scared of neribords parrot. Now scared of all birds. STIMULUS GENERALIZATION  George teaching cat how to swim but cats don’t like to get wet so never learned. INSTINCTIVE DRIFT  Mike created an anti-beef tv ad by creating ad showing ugly people eating beef. Hoping that people who wathced ad would develop neg. feelings towards eating beef. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING  Every time jack reads 3 books, given $50. FIXED-RATIO SCHEDULE  Jack learned spanish in 10th^ grade. During senior year, learned french. During college, tried spanish but had hard time remembering. RETROACTIVE INTERFERENCE  Working memory has more capabilites/functions than short-term memory  Tom taking exam, but couldn’t remember soemthing but remembered area on page where info was. DID NOT ENCODE INFO SEMANTICALLY  Eric drinks when studying psych, so drank before exam to better memory. Trying to follow ENCODING SPECIFICITY PRINCIPLE  Joe talking about camping trip this past weekend. Joe relying on EPISODIC MEMORY  While playing taboo, mike accidentally said “bread” (not supposed to) while trying to get partner to say “butter”. Happpened because of CONNCECTIONIST NETWORK ORGANIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE  Learning vocab so write out each words while saying it while thinking about definition. DUAL-CODING THEORY  All of these are reasons for forgetting EXCEPT interference, ineffective coding, CONSOLIDATION, decay  You have intact procedural memory but had severe anterograde amnesia for other types of memories esp episodic memories. You suffered damange in the MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE AREA  What does a polygraph machine measure? Autonomic arousal  The fast pathway is adaptive b/c it allows us to be quick in responding to a possible threat  Bear appears in front of george and he simultaneously felt afraid while arousal increased. CANNON-BARD THEORY

 Which theory suggest that how we interpret a situation, when we experience autonomic arousal, will determine which emotion we feel? SCHACHTER’S TWO-FACTOR THEORY  Janet at buffet. First plate of food explained best by DRIVE THEORY, but her second trip to dessert bar explained by INCENTIVE THEORY  It is likely that there is a genetic predisopostion for homosexuality  Person high in achievement not liekly to choose easiest task  Because there are so many factors infolved with regulation of eating, unlikely that a simple pill would correct an over-eating problem  All are predicitions from parental investment theory EXCEPT- males should value attractiveness in a mate moreso than females do, males are liekly to think of sex more than females, MALES SHOULD BE MORE PICKY CHOOSING A M ATE, males should desire a greater number of sexual partners as compared with females  During the ORGASM phase, the human sexual resopnse cycle does a series of muscular contractions through the pelvic area  You find dog outside of pizza place and adopt it. Found that dog loves pizza crust more than dog food. Preference due to LEARNING  Most miscarriages happenduring EMBRYONIC STAGE  Ingesting folic acid is correlated with decreased neural tube defects such as spinal bifidia  Frequent exposure to solar radition is dangerous for fetal health  Jackie is walking w/o support. Most likely ONE YEAR OLD  An example of a primary sex characteristic is SPERMARCHE. It’s “primary” b/ c VITAL FOR REPRODUCTION  Jean piaget created his theory of cognitive development by noting common errors made by children of particular ages  Mom takes son to daycare. Son explores playroom excitedly but upset when mom elaves. When comes back, ambivalent about return (sometimes seeks contact only to immediately reject her) RESISTANT  Problems with kohlberg’s theory of moral development-does not adequatley describe other cultures’ moral development, “mixing of stages”, doesn’t adequatley describe female’s moral development  Maddie calls every male adult “daddy”. OVEREXTENSIONS  SENILITY IS NOT A NORMAL PART OF AGING 3

depression influences the progression of cardiovascular disease, depression influences cardiovascular disease  To determine if mentally ill- determine if behavior different from average person’s, whether behavior interefers with living her life, whether this behavior upsets her  Axis IV involves assessing situational/environmental factors that impact a person’s mental state  All are possible etiological factors of anxiety EXCEPT genetic predisposition, too little GABA activity, learning anxious behavior, FIXATION ON ANAL STAGE  Maintain phobic disorder through OPERANT CONDITIONING  Psychosomatic disease- developed heart disease b/c of all the stress at job  Dissociatve fugue- nathan took off and started new life w/no memories of old life  There is greater consensus for more serious disorders than for less common disorders. Deviance from norm NOT ENOUGH to determine if someone has a mental disorder  Hallucainations are sensory perceptions; delusions are false or distorted beliefs  Schizophrenia is a dysfunction of the dopamine system  Pesssimistic style, rumination, learned helplesness lead to depression. DYSFUNCTION OF SEROTONIN SYSTEM DOES NOT  Exceptional intelligence/IQ is not involved with development of schizo but flu infection during 2nd^ trimester of pregnancy, several prenatal malnutrition, and abnormal loss of gray matter during adolescence are  Episode of mania characterized by increased energy level, sense of impatience, increased self-esteem, NOT RELAXED EUPHORIA