Organ systems
Chapter 20
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Structural Hierarchy - Organ Systems - General Biology II | BIOL 130, Study notes of Biology
Material Type: Notes; Professor: Salek; Class: General Biology II; Subject: Biology; University: Fayetteville State University; Term: Unknown 1989;
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Organ systems
Chapter 20
Structural Hierarchy
Tissues to organs
•^
An organ iscomposed ofseveral tissuetypes
-^
Ex. stomach
Organ systems
- Groups of several organs that work together
to perform vital body functions
- 12 major organ systems
Respiratory system•
Lungs and breathingtubes exchange gaseswith the environment.
Cardiovascular
system
•^
The heart and bloodvessels supplynutrients and oxygento the body and carryaway wastes andcarbon dioxide.
Excretory system
•^
Kidneys, bladder, andurethra removenitrogen containingwastes from the bloodand maintain osmoticbalance.
Endocrine system
•^
Endocrine glandssecrete hormones intothe blood that regulatemost other activities.
Nervous system•^
The brain, spinal cord,nerves, and senseorgans work togetherwith the endocrinesystem to sense theoutside environment,affect responses, andcoordinate bodyactivities.
Muscular system•
All skeletal musclesprovide movement asthey work with theskeletal system
Exchanges with the external
environment
•^
Organisms cannot survive unless they exchangematerials with their environment
-^
Organ systems function to make the exchange ofnutrients and wastes with the externalenvironment possible in larger animals
-^
Examples: Hydra vs Whale
Exchanges with the external
environment
•^
Hydra– Small, 2 cell layers, each in contact with the environment– Exchange is easy
Regulation of the internal
environment
•^
Homeostasis -”asteady state”
-^
Claude Bernard
-^
Control systemsregulate large externalfluctuations in externalenvironment intosmall fluctuation s inthe internalenvironment.
Homeostasis and negative feedback•
Homeostasis works through negative feedback
-^
Set point = “temperature”
-^
Error signal =“wire”
-^
Effector =“heater”
-^
Response =“heat”
-^
Stimulus =“temperature of room”