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Material Type: Notes; Professor: Salek; Class: General Biology II; Subject: Biology; University: Fayetteville State University; Term: Unknown 1989;
Typology: Study notes
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An organ iscomposed ofseveral tissuetypes
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Ex. stomach
Lungs and breathingtubes exchange gaseswith the environment.
The heart and bloodvessels supplynutrients and oxygento the body and carryaway wastes andcarbon dioxide.
Kidneys, bladder, andurethra removenitrogen containingwastes from the bloodand maintain osmoticbalance.
Endocrine glandssecrete hormones intothe blood that regulatemost other activities.
The brain, spinal cord,nerves, and senseorgans work togetherwith the endocrinesystem to sense theoutside environment,affect responses, andcoordinate bodyactivities.
All skeletal musclesprovide movement asthey work with theskeletal system
Organisms cannot survive unless they exchangematerials with their environment
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Organ systems function to make the exchange ofnutrients and wastes with the externalenvironment possible in larger animals
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Examples: Hydra vs Whale
Hydra– Small, 2 cell layers, each in contact with the environment– Exchange is easy
Homeostasis -”asteady state”
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Claude Bernard
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Control systemsregulate large externalfluctuations in externalenvironment intosmall fluctuation s inthe internalenvironment.
Homeostasis works through negative feedback
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Set point = “temperature”
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Error signal =“wire”
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Effector =“heater”
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Response =“heat”
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Stimulus =“temperature of room”