Download Straighterline anatomy and physiology II BIO202 Topic 7: Graded Midterm Exam Midterm Exam and more Exams Animal Anatomy and Physiology in PDF only on Docsity!
Straighterline anatomy and physiology II BIO202 Topic 7: Graded Midterm Exam Midterm Exam ( 2025 ) Questions and Answers
- BIO202_SL_V
- Topic 7: Graded Midterm Exam Started on Thursday, February 6, 2025, 11:41 AM State Finished Completed on Thursday, February 6, 2025, 12:11 PM Time taken 29 mins 55 secs Grade 190.00 out of 200.00 ( 95 %)
Question 1
Correct 5.00 points out of 5. Flag question
Question text
What are cytokines, in the context of hemopoiesis? Select one: a. Oxygen carriers b. Cellular messengers c. Glycoprotein hormones d. Blood clotting factors
Question 2
Correct
5.00 points out of 5. Flag question
Question text
What type of myeloid phagocytic cell removes worn-out erythrocytes? Select one: a. Eosinophil b. Neutrophil c. Lymphocyte d. Macrophage
Question 3
Correct 5.00 points out of 5. Flag question
Question text
What leads to the slight rise in blood temperature relative to the body's typical level? Select one: a. Plasma protein concentration b. Hemoglobin's oxygen saturation rate c. Friction occurring within blood vessels d. Daily pH fluctuations
Question 4
Correct 5.00 points out of 5. Flag question
Which of the following statements accurately differentiates between lymphoid and myeloid stem cells, considering their developmental pathways and functional characteristics? Select one: a. Myeloid stem cells form the foundation for the majority of formed elements in the blood. They generate erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, and a lineage of myeloblasts, whereas Lymphoid stem cells take a unique path in hemopoiesis, giving rise to a class of white blood cells called lymphocytes. b. Lymphoid stem cells give rise to antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells, while myeloid stem cells primarily differentiate into T cells and B cells involved in adaptive immune responses. c. Lymphoid stem cells undergo maturation in primary lymphoid organs such as the thymus and bone marrow, while myeloid stem cells mature in secondary lymphoid organs like lymph nodes and spleen. d. Lymphoid stem cells originate from the erythroblast within the bone marrow, while myeloid stem cells arise from the fetal liver during embryonic development.
Question 7
Correct 5.00 points out of 5. Flag question
Question text
Which of the following statements about the formation of a platelet plug is NOT true? Select one: a. Platelets release various chemicals from their granules into the plasma, intensifying the mechanisms of hemostasis. b. The von Willebrand factor, a glycoprotein in the blood plasma, hinders the stability of the growing platelet plug. c.
The platelet plug serves as a swift and temporary solution, effectively sealing small breaches in blood vessels d. When platelets encounter the area of vessel rupture, they transform, developing spikes and adhering to the exposed collagen and endothelial lining.
Question 8
Correct 5.00 points out of 5. Flag question
Question text
Which of the following valves lacks the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles? Select one: a. Tricuspid Valve b. All of the above c. Pulmonary Valve d. Mitral Valve
Question 9
Correct 5.00 points out of 5. Flag question
Question text
What is the consequence of a blockage in a coronary artery? Select one: a. It has no significant effect on the heart. b. It results in a decrease in the heart rate. c. It increases the heart rate. d.
Question 12
Incorrect 0.00 points out of 5. Flag question
Question text
Increase in which of the following opens ion channels and quickens depolarization? Select one: a. Calcium b. Potassium c. Thyroxine d. Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
Question 13
Correct 5.00 points out of 5. Flag question
Question text
A person is taking a medication that acts as a negative inotropic agent. What effect would this medication have on the person's stroke volume and end- systolic volume? Select one: a. Decrease in both stroke volume and end-systolic volume b. Decrease in stroke volume and increase in end-systolic volume c. Increase in stroke volume and decrease in end-systolic volume d. Increase in both stroke volume and end-systolic volume
Question 14
Correct 5.00 points out of 5. Flag question
Question text
Which type of capillary is characterized by extensive intercellular gaps, incomplete basement membranes, and large openings allowing for the passage of plasma proteins and even cells? Select one: a. Fenestrated capillaries b. Continuous capillaries c. Sinusoid capillaries d. Metarterioles
Question 15
Correct 5.00 points out of 5. Flag question
Question text
What is the primary purpose of valves in larger veins? Select one: a. Promoting the bidirectional flow of blood b. Increasing the thickness of the vessel walls c. Regulating blood pressure d. Promoting the unidirectional flow of blood
Question 16
Correct 5.00 points out of 5.
Question text
In the arterial supply to the lower limbs, what is the significance of the femoral artery's transformation into the popliteal artery near the knee, and which arteries arise from the popliteal artery to contribute to the blood supply in distinct regions? Select one: a. The transformation allows for increased blood flow to the knee; the popliteal artery branches into the lateral circumflex artery supplying the thigh muscles and the posterior tibial artery supplying the knee region. b. The transformation enhances nutrient delivery to the knee joint; the popliteal artery branches into the anterior tibial artery supplying the thigh muscles and the posterior tibial artery supplying the knee region. c. The transformation facilitates improved oxygenation in the thigh muscles; the popliteal artery gives off the lateral deep femoral artery supplying the knee integument and the anterior tibial artery supplying the thigh muscles. d. The transformation optimizes blood distribution in the thigh; the popliteal artery gives rise to the lateral circumflex artery supplying the knee integument and the anterior tibial artery supplying the thigh muscles.
Question 19
Correct 5.00 points out of 5. Flag question
Question text
During a strenuous exercise session, John notices that the veins in his arms appear to be more prominent and bulging than usual. He remembers learning about vasoconstriction in his physiology class. Which of the following statements best explains the observed phenomenon? Select one: a. Venoconstriction decreases the radius of veins, reducing resistance and facilitating increased blood flow. b.
Venoconstriction increases the surface area encountered by blood, increasing resistance. c. Venoconstriction decreases the pressure within the veins, reducing blood flow. d. Venoconstriction causes the veins to dilate, allowing more blood flow.
Question 20
Correct 5.00 points out of 5. Flag question
Question text
Select the incorrect statement of blood viscosity, vessel length and diameter. I. Any condition that increases viscosity will increase resistance and decrease flow. II. Liver abnormalities such as hepatitis and cirrhosis result in increased levels of plasma proteins, which increase blood viscosity. III. The length of a vessel is directly proportional to its resistance; longer vessels have greater resistance and lower flow. IV. A decreased diameter of a blood vessel results in lower resistance and decreased flow. Select one: a. I and II b. III and IV c. I and III d. II and IV
Question 21
Correct 5.00 points out of 5. Flag question
a. Enhance the activity of natural killer cells. b. Neutralize toxins released by pathogens. c. Produce antibodies against specific pathogens. d. Destroy bacteria by digesting their cell walls.
Question 24
Correct 5.00 points out of 5. Flag question
Question text
Which of the following statements are true regarding Helper T cells and their cytokines? I. Th1 cells are a type of helper T cell that secretes cytokines that regulate the immunological activity and development of B cells. II. Th2 cells are cytokine-secreting cells that act on macrophages to drive their differentiation into plasma cells that make antibodies. III. Helper T cells, bearing the CD4 molecule, function by secreting cytokines that act to enhance other immune responses. IV. Th2 cells act on B cells to drive their differentiation into plasma cells that make antibodies and T cell help is required for antibody responses to most protein antigens. Select one: a. I, II b. Only II c. III, IV d. Only III
Question 25
Correct 5.00 points out of 5.
Flag question
Question text
What is a characteristic feature of immune responses against parasites such as helminths? Select one: a. Production of cytotoxic T cells to directly kill parasites b. Formation of granulomas to encapsulate parasites c. Activation of neutrophils to phagocytose parasites d. Release of eosinophils and mast cells to combat infection
Question 26
Correct 5.00 points out of 5. Flag question
Question text
Choose the correct pathway that provides a T cell-dependent response to antigen. Select one: a. Antigen presentation to Th2 cell →Antigen antibody interaction→ Cytokine release→ B cell differentiation and activation b. Cytokine release →Antigen presentation to Th2 cell →Antigen antibody interaction→ B cell differentiation and activation. c. Antigen-antibody interaction Cytokine release →Antigen presentation to Th cell → B cell differentiation and activation. d. Antigen-antibody interaction→ Antigen presentation to Th2 cell→ cytokine release→ B cell activation and differentiation.
Question 27
c. Pumping oxygenated blood to the heart d. Equalizing air pressure across the lungs
Question 29
Correct 5.00 points out of 5. Flag question
Question text
Which of the following statements about internal respiration is true? Select one: a. Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood into the tissues during internal respiration. b. Hemoglobin releases oxygen in the tissues due to a decrease in partial pressure. c. Internal respiration occurs in the alveoli of the lungs. d. The partial pressure of oxygen is higher in the tissues than in the blood.
Question 30
Correct 5.00 points out of 5. Flag question
Question text
What are bronchopulmonary segments? Select one: a. Divisions of the bronchi that lead to lobes of the lungs b. Branches of the pulmonary arteries and veins c. Subdivisions of lung lobules containing bronchioles and alveoli
d. Units of gas exchange within the alveoli
Question 31
Correct 5.00 points out of 5. Flag question
Question text
If the apneustic center becomes nonfunctional, what changes can be seen in normal breathing? Select one: a. Decreased respiratory rate b. Increased tidal volume c. Decreased tidal volume d. Increased respiratory rate
Question 32
Correct 5.00 points out of 5. Flag question
Question text
Which of the following statements accurately describes the mechanisms of carbon dioxide transport in the blood? Select one: a. Carbon dioxide is transported solely by binding to plasma proteins. b. Carbon dioxide is mainly transported as carbonic acid, which dissociates into bicarbonate ions in the plasma. c.
They house lymphocytes, found in the lamina propria. d. They form folds, found in the muscularis mucosae.
Question 35
Correct 5.00 points out of 5. Flag question
Question text
What happens when the surface cells of the stomach’s mucosa are shed? Select one: a. The stomach stops producing gastric juice b. The pH level in the stomach rises. c. The stomach increases the production of bicarbonate ions. d. Stem cells swiftly replace the damaged epithelial mucosal cells.
Question 36
Correct 5.00 points out of 5. Flag question
Question text
Which of the following statements best describes the role of the lamina propria in the immune function of the alimentary canal? Select one: a. The lamina propria is a layer of dense connective tissue in the submucosa, connecting the overlying mucosa and the underlying muscularis to act as a defense in the immune function. b. The lamina propria contains goblet cells that secrete mucus and fluid into the lumen, providing the first line of defense against pathogens. c.
The lamina propria houses clusters of lymphocytes, constituting the mucosa- associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), which defends against encountered pathogens within the alimentary canal. d. The lamina propria contains the muscularis mucosae, a layer of smooth muscle that forms undulating folds that contribute to the immune function.
Question 37
Incorrect 0.00 points out of 5. Flag question
Question text
Which of the following is NOT a function of the enteric nervous system? Select one: a. Controlling the rhythm and force of muscularis contractions. b. Regulating the rate of food passage through the alimentary canal. c. Regulating digestive secretions. d. Sensing the presence of food in the alimentary canal.
Question 38
Correct 5.00 points out of 5. Flag question
Question text
Identify the accurate statement about mass movements in the large intestine: Select one: a. They are initiated by the presence of food in the stomach and the byproducts of digestion in the small intestine. b.
