Download Straighter line A&P 1 Cumulative Final Questions and answers and more Exams Anatomy in PDF only on Docsity!
Which is an example of a normally occurring positive-feedback mechanism? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ stretching of the uterus near the end of pregnancy Which of the following is the most widely distributed type of muscle in the body? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Smooth A doctor performing an autopsy on a patient concludes that part of the brain was likely damaged by trauma due to a large population of which type of cell? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ microglia During DNA replication, how does each template strand eventually become two identical DNA molecules? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ One strand forms continuously, the other forms in short segments spliced by DNA ligase Which is the most superficial layer of skin that is composed primarily of living cells? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ stratum spinosum Which of the following components of the bone matrix, when removed, allows the bone to be easily shattered? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Collagen The targeted response of the hormone lipotropin is an increase in which of the following? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ the breakdown of fat in adipose tissues What is the smallest level of organization in the body that contains the body's genetic information? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ cellular Which sentence best describes the sliding filament model of muscle contraction? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Sarcomeres and myofibrils contract Which of the following is the definition of a third degree burn? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ a burn that has destroyed the dermis and epidermis Which class of chemical messengers is secreted by neurons into synaptic clefts to activate an adjacent cell? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Neurotransmitter
Which of the following types of openings in the skeletal system does a "sinus" describe? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Cavity Which of the following processes generates the most ATP within a human cell? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Oxidative phosphorylation What type of axons is found in a gray ramus comunicans? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ unmyelinated, post-ganglionic axons Deep means CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Away from the surface Which of the following is consistent with homeostasis? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ As body temperature rises, sweating occurs to cool the body which of the following describes the position of the nose? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Superior to the mouth An organelle is CORRECT ANSWERS✅ A small structure within a cell Posterior means CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Toward the back of the body Which body system would be affected by degeneration of cartilage in joints? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Skeletal Inferior CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Pointing towards the feet (down) The study of tissues is CORRECT ANSWERS✅ histology Cephalic means CORRECT ANSWERS✅ closer to the head the term "dorsal" means CORRECT ANSWERS✅ toward the back of the body The thumb is ______ to the fifth digit (little finger). CORRECT ANSWERS✅ lateral The shoulder is _______ to the elbow CORRECT ANSWERS✅ proximal
The pleural cavity is the CORRECT ANSWERS✅ space located between the visceral and parietal pleura The popliteal region is the CORRECT ANSWERS✅ hollow behind the knee Organize the following structural levels of the human body from simplest to most complex. (1) Cell (2) tissue (3) chemical (4) organ system (5) organ CORRECT ANSWERS✅ 3,1,2,5, The cavity of the body immediately inferior to the diaphragm is the ____________ cavity CORRECT ANSWERS✅ abdominal The change in shape of tissues or organs is called CORRECT ANSWERS✅ morphogensis Homeostasis is defined as CORRECT ANSWERS✅ the maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body An organism's ability to use energy in order to swim is an example of CORRECT ANSWERS✅ metabolism A researcher discovered a sensory receptor that detects decreasing oxygen concentrations in the blood. According to the principles of negative feedback, it is likely that stimulation of this sensory receptor will produce which of the following types of responses? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ an increase in the respiratory rate Which of the following activities would represent a physiological study? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ determining normal blood sugar levels for 20- year-old students Toward the midline of the body is CORRECT ANSWERS✅ median Electrolytes are substances that CORRECT ANSWERS✅ conduct electricity when dissolved in water
A group of water molecules are held together by CORRECT ANSWERS✅ hydrogen bonds Which of the following factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ All of these factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions a. temp b. concentration of reactants c. presence of catalysts d. presence of enzymes Which of the following organic groups does hemoglobin belong to? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ protein a base is a proton CORRECT ANSWERS✅ acceptor An organic molecule such as a vitamin that makes an enzyme functional is called a/an CORRECT ANSWERS✅ coenzyme What type of covalent bond is formed between amino acid molecules during protein synthesis? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ peptide bond Which of the following is determined by a sequence of amino acids bound by peptide bonds? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ primary structure of protein Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in the body? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ protection The pH value CORRECT ANSWERS✅ is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions A neutral atom will become a cation if it CORRECT ANSWERS✅ loses electrons An atom has an atomic number of 19 and a mass number of 39. This atom will have CORRECT ANSWERS✅ 20 Neutrons
Microtubules CORRECT ANSWERS✅ provide structure and support of the cytoplasm Portions of pre-mRNA that do NOT code for parts of a protein are called CORRECT ANSWERS✅ All of these except exons do not code for parts of a protein introns start codons stop codons A cell can meet increased energy demands by an increase in CORRECT ANSWERS✅ the number of mitochondria The __________ contains the genetic information of the cell CORRECT ANSWERS✅ nuclueus A mitochondrial disease is passed to offspring via the father CORRECT ANSWERS✅ false The aroma of cookies baking in the kitchen reaches you in the living room. The distribution of this odor throughout the house is an example of CORRECT ANSWERS✅ diffusion Mitochondria CORRECT ANSWERS✅ All of these choices are correct: contains DNA Have inner and outer membranes have inner folds called cristae are the cell's power plants The fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane suggests that CORRECT ANSWERS✅ the membrane is neither rigid nor static in structure What organelles produce most of the cell's energy? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ mitochondria In order to study in detail the anatomy of internal cell parts, it would be best to use CORRECT ANSWERS✅ a transmission electron microscope (TEM)
Cells of the small intestine and kidney tubules have extensions that increase their surface are called CORRECT ANSWERS✅ microvilli Red blood Cells (RBCs) have been placed in three different solutions: hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic: What is the condition of the RBC in solution "B"? (the squished RBC again) CORRECT ANSWERS✅ crenated If an albino (aa) mates with a person homozygous for normal pigment (AA), CORRECT ANSWERS✅ all offspring are carriers In humans, somatic cells have __________ chromosomes, while reproductive cells (gametes) have ____________. CORRECT ANSWERS✅ 46; 23 Chromosomes that are NOT associated with sex determination are known as CORRECT ANSWERS✅ autosomes What genetic disorder is the failure to produce clotting factors? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ hemophillia What term means that both alleles are the same? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ homozygous Chromosome pairs are called CORRECT ANSWERS✅ homologous pairs What genetic disorder is a type of dwarfism characterized by shortening of the upper and lower limbs? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ achondroplasia A mistake during segregation of chromosomes is called CORRECT ANSWERS✅ nondisjunction What genetic disorder is the inability to produce normal hemoglobin CORRECT ANSWERS✅ sickle-cell disease What term means that both alleles are different? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ heterozygous Which of the following chromosome anomalies can be found in either sex? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
What type of connective tissue is found in the walls of large arteries? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ dense irregular elastic tissue What type of cells break down bone tissue CORRECT ANSWERS✅ osteoclasts Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue CORRECT ANSWERS✅ secretion and absorption of molecules A delicate connective tissue composed of fibroblasts, collagen, and capillaries is called CORRECT ANSWERS✅ granulation tissue What type of connective tissue is found between the vertebrae? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ fibrocartilage A general characteristic of connective tissue is that it CORRECT ANSWERS✅ consists of cells with much intercellular material (matrix) between them A coiled fibrous protein in connective tissue that is stretchy is called CORRECT ANSWERS✅ elastin The secretions of endocrine glands are released directly CORRECT ANSWERS✅ into the bloodstream structures that function in intercellular communication are CORRECT ANSWERS✅ gap junctions A tissue has the following characteristics: abundant extracellular matrix, abundant collagen fibers, collagen fibers mainly parallel to each other. Which of the following injuries results in damage to mainly this kind of tissue? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ tear in the tissue that attaches the gastrocnemius muscle to bone In the inflammatory response, clotting proteins form a clot. This action CORRECT ANSWERS✅ walls off foreign particles and microbes
The type of cell connection that serves as a permeability barrier is a CORRECT ANSWERS✅ tight junction Which of the following statements concerning epithelial cell surfaces is false? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Epithelium with folded surfaces tends to be very rigid Which of the following characteristics is NOT consistent with simple squamous epithelial tissue? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ has good blood supply within it What type of membranes line joint cavities? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Synovial A gland with branching ducts that end in acini would be classified as CORRECT ANSWERS✅ compound acinar Which of the following skin changes is usually associated with aging? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Loss of subcutaneous tissue contributes to the sagging of skin When the arrector pili muscles contract CORRECT ANSWERS✅ B. "goose bumps" form on the skin Which of the following will help cool the body? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ evaporation of sweat from the skin's surface Which of the following statements concerning the epidermis is true? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ the epidermis is nourished by blood vessels located in the dermis Stretch marks develop on the abdomen of pregnant women because of stretching and rupture of the CORRECT ANSWERS✅ dermis Eskimos wear a great deal of clothing and have limited exposure to U.V. light, but do not suffer from vitamin D deficiency. A possible explanation is CORRECT ANSWERS✅ they get enough vitamin D in their diet of fish and marine animals
Ligaments attach CORRECT ANSWERS✅ bone to bone An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the _____________ of the bone CORRECT ANSWERS✅ diaphysis A passageway connecting neighboring osteocytes in an osteon is a CORRECT ANSWERS✅ canaliculus Osteomyelitis is CORRECT ANSWERS✅ bone inflammation that often results from bacterial infection Osteoclasts have projections that cause bone resorption called CORRECT ANSWERS✅ ruffled borders The locations where ossification begins in intramembranous ossification are known as CORRECT ANSWERS✅ centers of ossification A bone fracture generally found in cildren that is incomplete is a(an) CORRECT ANSWERS✅ greenstick fracture a bone fracture that does not perforate the skin is a(an) CORRECT ANSWERS✅ closed fracture What is the long end of the bone? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ epiphysis Osteomalacia is CORRECT ANSWERS✅ a disease in adults characterized by softening of bones resulting from calcium depletion The type of lamallae found between osteons (Haversian systems) is CORRECT ANSWERS✅ interstitial Which of the following events occurs last in intramembranous ossification? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Trabecular bone is formed How does the cardiovascular system contribute to osterporosis CORRECT ANSWERS✅ blood clotting starts repair process
The covering of the outer surface of bone is the CORRECT ANSWERS✅ periosteum What is the site of long bone growth CORRECT ANSWERS✅ epiphyseal plate Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ when blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity in creases An example of a saddle joint is the CORRECT ANSWERS✅ carpometacarpal joint Which of the following movements does not occur at the knee joint? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ abduction The opposite of retraction is CORRECT ANSWERS✅ protraction The opposite of extension is CORRECT ANSWERS✅ flexion Which of the following types of joints is mismatched with its location? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Ellipsoid- between femur and tibia A synchondrosis CORRECT ANSWERS✅ may be temporary a joint that has no joint cavity and exhibits little or no movement would be classified as a CORRECT ANSWERS✅ fibrous joint A tennis player goes to the doctor and is told he has a torn rotator cuff. He has injured his CORRECT ANSWERS✅ shoulder Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly is called CORRECT ANSWERS✅ supination The opposite of supination is CORRECT ANSWERS✅ pronation Turning a structure around its longitudinal axis is called CORRECT ANSWERS✅ rotation
Endocytosis CORRECT ANSWERS✅ is the bulk uptake of material through the plasma membrane by vesicle formation When blood calcium levels are low CORRECT ANSWERS✅ osteoclast activity increases Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ secretion and absorption of molecules The lateral malleolus is part of the CORRECT ANSWERS✅ fibula Exposure to ultraviolet light causes the skin to darken by stimulating the CORRECT ANSWERS✅ activity of the enzyme tyrosinase The femoral region is the CORRECT ANSWERS✅ thigh A subcutaneous injection delivers medication into the CORRECT ANSWERS✅ hypodermis Eicosanoids CORRECT ANSWERS✅ play a role in the response of tissues to injuries The minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction CORRECT ANSWERS✅ can be lowered by enzymes Organelles CORRECT ANSWERS✅ vary in number and type depending on cell function a gland produces a watery secretion that contains solutes. The secretion also contains a substantial amount of phospholipid. The type of secretory process for this gland is probably CORRECT ANSWERS✅ both merocrine and apocrine An organ is CORRECT ANSWERS✅ a structure composed of several tissue types Which of the following ribs attaches to the sternum at the sternal angle? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ the second
What type of tissue covers the ends of long bones? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Articular cartilage Another name for a bedsore is CORRECT ANSWERS✅ decubitus ulcer Which type of bone cells possess extensive ER and ribosomes? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ osteoblasts Which of the following events occurs in the secondary active transport of glucose? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ all of the choices are correct Melanin production can be influenced by CORRECT ANSWERS✅ all of the choices are correct A tissue that has a fluid matrix is CORRECT ANSWERS✅ blood Cells that can break down bones are called CORRECT ANSWERS✅ osteoclasts The function of a bursa is to CORRECT ANSWERS✅ provide a fluid filled cushion that reduces friction The stretch of elastic components of a muscle adds tot he increased tension during CORRECT ANSWERS✅ multiple wave summation The active sites to which cross-bridges attach are found on the CORRECT ANSWERS✅ actin myofilaments Concentric contractions occur when CORRECT ANSWERS✅ the muscle produces increasing tension as it shortens A sustained muscle contraction is known as CORRECT ANSWERS✅ tetanus Complete tetanus CORRECT ANSWERS✅ is the condition in which stimuli occur so rapidly that there are no intervening relaxations
In order to put on a glove, the fingers are abducted by hand muscles called the CORRECT ANSWERS✅ dorsal interossei The flexion of the elbow represents a CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Class III lever system Which back muscle extends the head? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ logissimus capitis The digastric muscle is involved in CORRECT ANSWERS✅ opening the mouth Which of the following is a group of muscles in the thigh? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ quadriceps femoris The pelvic diaphragm is formed by the CORRECT ANSWERS✅ levator ani and coccygeus muscles Muscles that can change the shape of the tongue are called CORRECT ANSWERS✅ intrinsic muscles Flexion of the thigh is a movement produced by the CORRECT ANSWERS✅ psoas major and iliacus Damage to the muscle called the levator ani would result in CORRECT ANSWERS✅ difficult defecation and decreased support for the pelvic viscera Which muscle retracts, rotates, and fixes the scapula? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ rhomboideus major Which of the following muscles is named for its location? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ quadriceps femoris In order to stabilize the hyoid so that the larynx can be elevated in swallowing, the __________ muscle group is used CORRECT ANSWERS✅ suprahyoid
The largest buttocks muscle is the CORRECT ANSWERS✅ gluteus maximus The thenar muscles are involved in controlling the _______; the hypthenar muscles control the _________. CORRECT ANSWERS✅ thumb; little finger Facial muscles are unusual in that they CORRECT ANSWERS✅ insert and sometimes originate on the skin and connective tissue All of the following muscles are rotators of the arm. Which is a lateral rotator of the arm? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ deltoid Of the following muscles of the thigh, which one is NOT part of the quadriceps group? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ biceps femoris Schwann cells differ from oligodendrocytes in which of the following ways? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Schwann cells form a myelin sheath around a portion of only one axon, while oligodendrocytes can surround portions of several axons Which of the following is responsible for problem-solving skills? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ central nervous system Gaps or interruptions in the myelin sheath are called CORRECT ANSWERS✅ nodes of Ranvier A stimulus either causes an action potential or it doesn't. This is called CORRECT ANSWERS✅ an all-or-none response Neurons arranged in a circular pathway form CORRECT ANSWERS✅ oscillatory circuits In some cells, an afterpotential occurs because CORRECT ANSWERS✅ there is prolonged, elevated permeability to potassium during repolarization If the EFC around a nerve cell is replaced with an isotonic saline solution that contains potassium ions and other solutes at concentrations very close
