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STOTT PILATES ANATOMY AND MOVEMENT ACTUAL EXAM 2025 |124 QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
- Which muscle is primarily responsible for pulling the scapula forward when it is tight? Upper trapezius Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Rhomboids
- If a patient presents with difficulty in eversion of the foot, which muscles would you suspect to be dysfunctional, and what movements would be affected? Tibialis posterior; plantarflexion and inversion Peroneus longus and brevis; eversion and plantarflexion Gastrocnemius; dorsiflexion and eversion Soleus; eversion and stabilization
- Which of the rotator cuff muscles can't be seen in this image?
Subscapularis
correctly but does not move. It involves the scapula protruding away from the thoracic wall, potentially leading to shoulder instability. It refers to the scapula being excessively retracted, causing limited arm movement.
- If a patient presents with a shoulder injury affecting the lateral deltoid muscle, which anatomical term would best describe the location of this muscle in relation to the midline of the body?
Medial Lateral Superior Inferior
- Explain the significance of understanding anatomical terms such as 'distal' and 'proximal' in the context of human movement and muscle function. They help in identifying the location of injuries They are only relevant for medical professionals They have no impact on physical therapy They are used to describe the color of muscles
- What is the primary action associated with shoulder flexion? Arm reaches back behind the body Arm moves across the chest Arm reaches up overhead
Supination is when the palm faces down, while pronation is when the palm faces up. Supination involves rotating the forearm so the palm faces up, whereas pronation involves rotating it so the palm faces down. Supination refers to bending the elbow, and pronation refers to straightening it. Supination is the action of moving the arm away from the body, while pronation is moving it towards the body.
- If a physical therapist is assessing a patient’s ability to perform a lunge, which anatomical plane is primarily involved in this movement, and how does it relate to muscle function? Frontal plane; it involves lateral movements of the legs. Transverse plane; it involves rotational movements. Sagittal plane; it involves flexion and extension of the legs. Coronal plane; it involves movements of the arms.
- Which two muscles are identified as contributing to scapular winging due to dysfunction? Tight/shortened pectoralis muscles and weak serratus anterior
Weak trapezius and tight rhomboids Weak deltoids and tight latissimus dorsi Tight biceps and weak triceps
- Which two muscles are primarily involved in the upward rotation of the scapula? Rhomboid major and minor Pectoralis major and minor Trapezius and serratus anterior
extending the knee. They exert a downward pull on the pelvis, aiding in posture and movement. They primarily control shoulder movements.
- Which anterior abdominal muscles joint action includes flexion of the vertebral column and tilts the pelvis backwards? rectus abdominis external obliques
internal obliques transverse abdominis
- If a person experiences difficulty in lateral spinal flexion, which of the following activities might they find challenging? Reaching for an object on a high shelf Turning their head to look behind them Bending sideways to pick something up from the ground Walking in a straight line
- If a person is performing a bicep curl, which action at the elbow joint is primarily occurring, and how does this affect the position of the palm? Extension; the palm moves distally Flexion; the palm moves proximally Abduction; the palm rotates outward Circumduction; the palm moves in a circular motion
- The ____________ muscle, highlighted in the image below, elevates the scapula as in "shrugging your shoulders."
Latissimus dorsi Rhomboid minor Levator scapulae
- If a patient presents with weakness in the erector spinae and quadratus lumborum muscles, what impact might this have on their posture and movement? Increased lumbar lordosis and difficulty in lateral bending. Decreased shoulder elevation and arm mobility. Improved stability during running and jumping. Enhanced flexibility in the thoracic spine.
- Explain the role of the trapezius and serratus anterior muscles in the movement of the scapula. How do they contribute to upward rotation? They stabilize the scapula during arm movements. They assist in downward rotation of the scapula. They work together to elevate and rotate the scapula
upward. They primarily function to adduct the scapula.
- If a patient presents with weakness in the gluteus medius, what functional movement might be affected, and how would this impact their gait? Increased hip flexion leading to a faster gait Difficulty in maintaining balance during single-leg stance Enhanced stability during running Improved lateral movement agility
- If a physical therapist is assessing a patient with a shoulder injury, how would knowledge of the term 'posterior' assist in their evaluation and treatment plan?
Rhomboids Pectoralis Major
- What is the term used to describe the movement that brings the anterior surfaces of the body closer together? Spinal extension Spinal flexion Lateral flexion Rotation
- What are the two primary actions of the ankle joint? Inversion and eversion Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion Abduction and adduction Flexion and extension
- The function of the tibialis anterior muscle is: dorsiflexion and inversion dorsiflexion and eversion plantar flexion and inversion plantar flexion and eversion
- This image shows winging of the scapulae. Which muscle has become paralysed to produce this?
- Which muscles are primarily responsible for exerting an upward posterior pull on the pelvis? Latissimus dorsi, Rhomboids Erector spinae, Quadratus lumborum Gluteus maximus, Hamstrings Transversus abdominis, Rectus abdominis
- A physical therapist is working with a patient who has difficulty with shoulder movements. If the therapist instructs the patient to perform an exercise that emphasizes scapular protraction, which of the following movements would the patient likely be performing? Pulling the shoulders back while standing Pushing the shoulders forward while reaching out Lifting the arms straight up overhead Rotating the shoulders inward
- Which answer best describes the plane and sectioning of this picture?
Sagittal plane - left and right sections Frontal plane - anterior and posterior sections
