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Experiment 4: Stoichiometry of Aluminum Material Type: Notes; Professor: Fawzy; Class: General College Chemistry; Subject: CHE Chemistry; University: Murray State University; Term: Spring 2010;
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Experiment4: Preparation of alum [KAl(SO 4 ) 2 .12.H 2 O]
Stoichiometry and the limited reactant concept
The mechanism of formation of alum
2 Al(s) + 2 KOH(aq) + 6 H 2 O(l) → 2 KAl(OH) 4 + 3 H 2 (g) (1)
2 KAl(OH) 4 + H 2 SO 4 (aq) → 2 Al(OH) 3 (s) + 2 H 2 O (l)+ K 2 SO 4 (aq) (2)
2 Al(OH) 3 (s) + 3 H 2 SO 4 → Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (aq) + 6 H 2 O (3)
Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (aq) + K 2 SO 4 (aq) + 24H 2 O → 2 KAl(SO 4 ) 2 •12H 2 O(s) (4)
2 Al(s) + 2 KOH(aq) + 4 H 2 SO 4 + 22 H 2 O → 2 KAl(SO 4 ) 2 •12H 2 O(s) + 3 H 2 (g) overall reaction
Stoichiometry of the overall reaction
2 moles Al(s) 2 moles alum
2 moles KOH(aq) 2 moles alum
4 moles H 2 SO 4 (aq) 2 moles alum
Calculations
m
MM(Al)
m n
Al Al(g) Al
KOH (^) KOH n MV
H 2 SO 4 H 2 SO 4 n MV
the theoretical yield in moles and grams