Steps for graphing Sine and Cosine Functions:
Step 1: Make sure the equation is written as 𝑦=asin(𝑏𝑏−𝑐)+𝑑 or 𝑦=asin 𝑏�𝑏− 𝑐
𝑏�+𝑑.
Step 2: Identify the following:
a) Amplitude
b) Period
c) Phase Shift
d) Vertical Shift
Step 3: Draw your resting line of y = d
Step 4: Determine your initial endpoint of the first period �−𝑐
𝑏�
a) Positive Sine starts at a Resting position and goes to a Maximum
b) Negative Sine starts at a Resting position and goes to a Minimum
c) Positive Cosine starts at a Maximum
d) Negative Cosine starts at a Minimum
Step 5: Determine your last endpoint of the first period �−𝑐
𝑏+2𝜋
𝑏�.
Step 6: Determine your middle point of the first period (half the distance horizontally between
your two endpoints).
Step 7: Determine your other two critical points (half the distance horizontally between the
middle point and each end point)
Step 8: Connect your points using a SMOOTH curve.
