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Useful cheat sheet of Statistics with symbols and abbreviations
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Statistical Symbols and Abbreviations
Symbol or abbreviation Explanation
α Probability of a type I error, or rejection level which is typically 0.
β Probability of Type II error, which is typically 0.20 (= 1 – power)
μ Mean or average value σ Standard deviation (for a population) σ^2 Variance (for a population) var ( x ) Variance of variable, x χ^2 Chi-square, fitting
Σ Sum of the data Φ (or ϕ) Phi coefficient, which is the correlation between 2 by 2 matrix elements ANOVA Analysis of variance CI Confidence interval, an estimated range of values which is likely to include an unknown population parameter df Degrees of freedom F Variance ratio (F distribution), the distribution of the ratio of two independent estimates of variance HO Null hypothesis, assuming no significance with the hypothesis HA Alternative hypothesis N Sample size, the number of whole population n The number in a subset NS Not significant OR Odds ratio, the odds that an outcome will occur provided a particular exposure, compared with the odds of the outcome occurring without the exposure P Probability r (for a sample) ρ (for a population)
Pearson correlation coefficient (-1 to +1), also called Pearson product moment correlation RR Relative risk rs Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient R Multiple correlation
R^2 Multiple correlation squared s Standard deviation (for a sample mean) s^2 Variance (for a sample mean) SD Standard deviation (for a sample) SEM Standard error of the mean t Student’s t -test statistics X Raw score (for a population) x Raw score (for a sample)
X Arithmetic mean of a population x Arithmetic mean of a sample Z Observation in standard form P(A) Probability of event A P(A∩B) Probability that of events A and B
P(A∪B) Probability that of events A or B P(A|B) Probability of event A provided event B occurred
N(μ,σ^2 ) Normal distribution or Gaussian distribution
Poisson(λ) Poisson distribution