Stages of Learning - Motor Learning - Lecture Slides, Slides of Physical Education and Motor Learning

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Stages of Learning

Fitts and Posner’s Three Stage Model

COGNITIVE STAGE ASSOCIATIVESTAGE AUTONOMOUSSTAGE Development of basicmovement pattern movement pattern Refinement of movement virtually Performance of automatic

Practice

Associative Stage

• More consistent
• Attentional demands for movement production decrease
• Fewer, less gross errors
• Better at detecting cause of errors
• Begin to develop appropriate error correction strategies

Autonomous Stage

• Highest level of proficiency
• Not all learners will reach this stage
• Attention reallocated to strategic decision- making
• Consistent
• Confident
• Make few errors and can generally detect and correct those errors that do occur docsity.com

Gentile’s Two-Stage Model

GETTING THE IDEA OF THE MOVEMENT

Development of ability to discriminate between

regulatory conditionsregulatory and non- Development of basic movement pattern

Closed Skill

FIXATION Refinement of movementpattern

Open Skill

DIVERSIFICATION Adaptation of movement to conform to ever-changing environmental demands

Getting the Idea of the Movement

• Goal is to develop an understanding of movement’s requirements
• Have to learn to discriminate between regulatory and non-regulatory conditions

Practical Application

• Choose a skill and generate a list of practical tips practitioners could follow based on Gentile’s two stages of learning. - See Cerebral Challenge #3 on page 103

Review Questions

• How does the role of the practitioner shift as the learner progresses through Fitts & Posner’s stages of learning? Through Gentile’s two stage model?
• Explain the relationship of fixation/ diversification to closed and open skills.

Inferring Progress: Learner And Performance Changes continued

• Error detection and correction; better able to interpret sensory receptor info in recognition schema; may stop a performance to avoid an inefficient movement
• Self-confidence; more success breed more motivation to continue; shoot for 80% success

Review Questions

• Describe how a person’s capability of detecting and correcting error changes as a result of practice and moving from early to later stages of learning. Provide an example to illustrate this change.
• Describe how novices try to control the degrees of freedom of various limbs as they begin to learn a new skill. Give an example.
• Discuss how the muscles used change as a result of practice, and explain why this happens.

Performance Curves

• Used to assess progress over time

• Two performance characteristics can be observed with performance curves - Improvement - Consistency

Performance

outcome

Time or trials

Proportional increase in performance over time

Linear Curve

Performance

outcome

Time or trials

Early improvement but slows during latter practice

Negatively Accelerated Curve