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Detailed information about the stages and mechanisms of labor and delivery, including the frequency and duration of contractions, the importance of the relaxation phase, indicators of fetal compromise, presentation and position of the fetus, the progression of labor, and nursing interventions during each stage. It covers topics such as the four ps of labor (powers, passenger, passage, and psyche), fetal heart rate monitoring, cultural considerations, and the advantages and disadvantages of different birthing settings. Likely to be useful for healthcare professionals, particularly nurses and midwives, who are involved in the care of women during labor and delivery.
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c. Duration longer than 90 seconds, interval shorter than 60 seconds d. Duration longer than 60 seconds, interval shorter than 90 seconds - Precise Answer ✔✔ANS: C Persistent contraction durations longer than 90 seconds or contraction intervals less than 60 seconds may reduce fetal oxygen supply.
a. They get the infant positioned for delivery. b. They push the infant into the vagina. c. They dilate and efface the cervix. d. They get the mother prepared for true labor. - Precise Answer ✔✔ANS: C The first stage of labor describes the time from the onset of labor until full dilation of the cervix.
An ice pack can be placed on the mothers perineum to reduce bruising and edema for 12 hours followed by a warm pack after the first 12 to 24 hours after delivery.
d. Parental bonding - Precise Answer ✔✔ANS: C Thermoregulation is necessary to keep heat loss minimal and oxygen consumption low. Hypothermia can cause cold stress, which leads to hypoxia.
The four interrelated components of the process of labor and birth, called the four Ps, are powers, passenger, passage, and psyche.
c. Descent d. Flexion e. Expulsion f. Internal rotation g. External rotation - Precise Answer ✔✔ANS: C, B, D, F, A, G, E The process by which a normal vaginal delivery is accomplished requires the infant to make the descent into the birth canal, engage, flex and internally rotate, and extend and externally rotate to be expelled.