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In 1896, the Supreme Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson that "separate but equal" was indeed constitutional. Racial discrimination was thus legal according to ...
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q Following the end of Reconstruction, White Democrats regained power in Southern legislatures. q Beginning in 1876, ten of the eleven former Confederate states had created a legal framework for separating Whites and Blacks known as "Jim Crow laws." § The initial purpose of Jim Crow laws was to prevent Blacks from participating in the political process, which included voting, serving in office, and participating in jury trials. § Gradually, Jim Crow laws were extended to include public education, transportation, and other public facilities.
q Widespread violence, including lynching, against Blacks led to the formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909. § Created by a group of White supporters and W.E.B. DuBois, the NAACP's stated goals was to secure for all people the rights guaranteed in the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the United States Constitution. § The organization quickly began to challenge Jim Crow laws and lynching through the courts.