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Multiple Choice Questions
Which one of these represents intrinsic motivation? (A) Trophies (B) Medals (C) Enjoyment of the activity (D) Money
Which one of these represents extrinsic motivation? (A) High salary (B) Keeping fit (C) Meeting Personal Goals (D) Having fun in the activity.
The trait approach to personality assumes that (A) People behave differently in different situations (B) People behave similarly in different situations (C) Personality does not change much over time (D) A and C (E) B and C
According to the iceberg profile developed by Morgan, which of the following psychological characteristics that successful athletes display is typically above the mean of the population? (A) Anxiety (B) Anger (C) Fatigue (D) Vigour (E) Confusion
Morgan developed the _________ model to help explain the relationship between personality and athletic success. (A) Normative (B) Mental health (C) Psychological skills (D) Psychopathology (E) cognitive-behavioral
An athlete is more motivated when she plays against competitors who are better than she is than when she plays against competitors who are weaker than she is. This is an example of which approach to motivation? (A) Trait-centered (B) Situational (C) Interactional (D) Individual (E) None of the above
The energizing force that activates behavior and provides purpose and direction to that behavior is known as _____. (A) Motivation (B) Personality (C) Emotion (D) Perception (E) Needs
Maslow's hierarchy of needs includes all EXCEPT which of the following? (A) Cognition (B) Physiological (C) Safety (D) Belongingness (E) Esteem
In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, food, water, sleep, and to an extent, sex, are considered _____ motives. (A) Safety (B) Self-actualization (C) Physiological (D) Belongingness (E) Esteem
Which need in Maslow's hierarchy reflects a desire for love, friendship, affiliation, and group acceptance? (A) Safety (B) Self-actualization (C) Physiological (D) Belongingness (E) Esteem
(A) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) (B) Minnesota Multiphasic Personalty Inventory (MMPI-2) (C) Rorschach inkblot test (D) a and c above
In multidimensional anxiety theory, cognitive anxiety is: (A) The mental component of anxiety and reflects feelings of worry (B) The mental component of fear and reflects feelings of annoyance (C) The physical component of anxiety and reflects feelings of worry (D) The physical component of joy and reflects feelings of worry
Attention refers to: (A) The process of exerting mental effort on specific features of the environment or on certain thoughts or activities (B) A perceptual skill to focus selectively on task-relevant information while ignoring distractions (C) An ability to divide attention between two or more tasks at the same time (D) The ability to focus effectively on the task at hand while ignoring distractions
The research investigating the personality profiles of athletes and nonathletes has found that (A) No specific personality profile distinguishes athletes from nonathletes (B) Athletes have higher levels of anxiety than nonathletes (C) Athletes are more introverted than nonathletes (D) Athletes have higher levels of self-esteem than nonathletes
Recent research has been critical of some of the findings concerning the relationship between mood states and performance. Which of the following is NOT a recommended guideline for using mood profiling with elite athletes? (A) Use it as a monitor of training load (B) Use it as a monitor for the acclimitization process (C) Use it as a predictor of team success (D) Use it as a monitor of emotional response to injury (E) Use if for identification of overtrained athletes
Morgan found evidence differentiating between successful and unsuccessful candidates in three Olympic sports on the (A) CPI
(B) POMS
(C) EPI
(D) MMPI
On which of the following personality inventories has research in sport psychology revealed the so-called “iceberg profile”? (A) Eysenck Personality Inventory (B) Hogan Personality Inventory (C) NEO Five-Factor Inventory (D) Profile of Mood States
The following components define motivation: (A) Direction, Persistence, Continuing motivation, Intensity (B) Desire, Persistence, Continuing motivation (C) Drives, Internal forces and External forces (D) Direction, Social factors and Cognitive factors
Which of the following is NOT one of the six dimensions of the Profile of Mood States? (A) Anger (B) Irritability (C) Vigour (D) Depression
- Which of the following is an indication of under-arousal? (A) Lack of energy (B) Increased heart rate (C) Constant movement (D) Butterflies in stomach
If I were intrinsically motivated, I would (A) Want to win at all costs (B) Like to get rewards for the amount of training I do (C) Like other athletes to notice and comment on my performances (D) See that the benefit of playing sport would improve my health
(E) Both B and D
Arousal is synonymous with the term activation and refers to the intensity level of behavior. (A) True (B) False
Facets of attention includes selectivity, capacity and _____________.
Which of the following is NOT a level in Hollander's model of personality structure? (A) Childhood experiences (B) Psychological core (C) Typical responses (D) Role-related behavior
Trait anxiety refers to _________ anxiety, whereas state anxiety refers to __________ anxiety. (A) General; momentary (B) Momentary; general (C) Competitive; noncompetitive (D) Noncompetitive; competitive (E) None of the above
The most superficial and therefore most easily changed part of a personality structure is its (A) Psychological core (B) Role-related behavior (C) Typical responses (D) Belief system
Eysenck argue that personality can best be understood by focusing on which of the following traits? (A) Emotionality and stability (B) Introversion and extroversion (C) Relaxation and anxiety (D) A and B (E) All of the above
Personality tests should be used to:
(A) Select team members (B) Identify poor athletes (C) Recruiting new participants (D) Monitor mood changes during training
Morgan’s mental health model is thought to reflect: (A) Positive mental health (B) High levels of athletic ability (C) High levels of anxiety (D) High levels of motivation
The Gravitational hypothesis explains: (A) Athletes who do not have the right personality drop out over time (B) Athletes show to be more aggressive (C) Athletes with the right personality will be drawn to sport (D) Athletes will show an Iceberg profile
The Athletic Darwinism explains: (A) Athletes who do not have the right personality drop out over time (B) Athletes show to be more aggressive (C) Athletes with the right personality will be drawn to sport (D) Athletes will show an Iceberg profile
POMS has shown that elite athletes are characterized by: (A) Positive mental health (B) More aggression (C) The right personality disposition (D) An Iceberg profile
The Iceberg profile is characterized by: (A) Average levels of tension and anger with high levels of vigour (B) Average levels of all moods (C) Below average levels of all negative moods, extremely high levels of vigour (D) Below average levels of anxiety and confusion, extremely high levels of talent
Self-Actualization can simply be equated to sporting success. (A) True (B) False
An example of a primary need is: (A) Wi-Fi (B) Friends (C) Status (D) Movement (E) A,B & C
An example of a secondary need is: A) Wi-Fi (B) Friends (C) Status (D) Movement (E) A,B & C
The Performance Pyramid illustrates the differences between elite athletes. (A) True (B) False
Introverts are more prevalent in team sports. (A) True (B) False
Extroverts are more prevalent in team sports. (A) True (B) False
POMS stand for: (A) Professionalism Organization of Motoring Success (B) Profile of Mentoring Sports (C) Profile of Moods States (D) Personality of Moods in Sports
Sport Psychology focus on: (A) Enhancing sport performance (B) Treating the mentally ill in sports (C) Elite athletes only (D) None of the above
Regulation of Attention is called: (A) Arousal (B) Concentration (C) Somatic Arousal (D) Sporting success
Long Questions Elite athletes can be distinguished from lesser skilled athletes when psychological states are considered. Graph and explain the significance of the iceberg profile. (8)
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using questionnaires to provide psychological information within a sport context? (4)
Maslow (1970) proposed a hierarchy of needs. Explain the proposed hierarchy in association with the need of movement. (6)
The measurement of personality in sport can be problematic. Briefly discuss a potential problem in measuring personality in sport. (4)
Explain the two forms of personality tests and provide examples of each. (6)
Differentiate between arousal and anxiety. (5)
Maslow’s theory of self-actualization indicates human needs as motivators of behaviour. Discuss sport as an avenue to achieve these human needs.
Discuss Morgan’s mental health model and the iceberg profile as they relate to predicting athletic success. (6)
Should personality tests be used for team selection? Explain your answer. (3)
