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A concise overview of key concepts and theories in the sociology of sport. It explores the socialization process, social factors influencing sport participation, and various theoretical perspectives on sport's role in society. The document also examines the intersection of sport with race, gender, religion, and socio-economic status, highlighting the complexities and challenges within the field.
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The socialization process - ANSWER the active process of learning and social development; people learn on what they observe and with whom we interact
Sociology - ANSWER the study of social worlds that people create, maintain, organize, and change through their relationships with each other
Involvement in sport - ANSWER -individual;
-availability of opportunities;
-societal values;
-influence of significant others
Social factors - ANSWER sex, race, socio-economic status, family, friends or peers, school or educational system, religion, media, geographic location
Values - ANSWER criteria and ideals which individuals evaluate people, actions, behaviors, and objects as to their relative morality, merit, correctness
Social values - ANSWER success, competition, progress or progression, materialism, external conformity, sportsmanship, discipline, valued means to achieve
Concepts of good - ANSWER -teleological: focus on the outcome (altruism, egoism, utilitarianism);
-deonotological: focus on action, process (Kantianism, Golden Rule)
Concepts of justice - ANSWER -egalitarian: focus on equality (fair and justice to all as equals);
-libertarian: focus on equity, merit (what they earned, deserve, need)
Functionalist theory - ANSWER -What is sport's role in society?
-How does sport contribute to society?
-What role does sports play in promoting societal values?
Interactionist theory - ANSWER -How do people become involved in, (interact with) and experience, sport?
-How do people create identity and meaning from sport?
Conflict theory - ANSWER -social groups are inherently "unequal";
-competition for resources;
-How does sport reflect wealth and power?
Critical theory - ANSWER -where does power come from...how does it operate...and how does it shift and transfer?
-mostly studied from the perspective of the discrimination of minorities
Sport unites - ANSWER -by breaking down barriers and brings together for a common cause/goal; (i.e. 1980 US Hockey vs. Russia)
Sport divides - ANSWER -by separating, and reinforcing and enhancing opportunities & stereotypes (rivalries)
Sport is good, yet bad - ANSWER -sport can create opportunity, yet can also hold back many of it's participants
Sport is healthy, yet destructive - ANSWER -sport is good for health, yet can bring injury
-Shinto: Sumo in Japan;
-Islam: submission to Allah's will;
-Judaism: sports and struggle (early on- dominated boxing and basketball)
Differences in sport and religion - ANSWER -sport is secular and religion is sacred;
-sport embrace material world and religion transcends material world;
-sport is competition superiority and conquest and religion emphasizes humility, love, and cooperation;
-sport events celebrate here-and-now and religious services acknowledge the sacred
Socio-economic status and sport participation/spectatorship - ANSWER -consumption and participation is positively related to wealth and income;
-"country club" sports vs. "playground" sports
Myths related to social mobility and sports - ANSWER -social mobility: changes in wealth, education, and occupation over a person's lifetime or from one generation to the next;
-career opportunities;
-career security
Meritocracy - ANSWER a society in which rewards go to people who deserve them due to their abilities, qualifications, and hard work