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Speech Science Exam 2 Questions and Answers, Exams of Health sciences

Rio Salado CollegeHealth sciences

A comprehensive set of questions and answers related to speech science exam 2. It covers various topics, including the physiology of the nervous system, muscle contraction, and respiratory mechanics. Valuable for students preparing for exams or seeking a deeper understanding of speech science concepts.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 01/31/2025

bryanryan
bryanryan 🇺🇸

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11K documents

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Speech Science Exam 2 Questions
With Complete Solutions
absolute refractory period correct answer: 0.5 ms, sodium
channels open, another AP cannot be created at this location,
sets upper limit to how fast an AP can be repeated
relative refractory period correct answer: a few to 20 ms
following absolute refractory period, potassium channels open,
another AP can be created if stimulation is greater than threshold
all or none correct answer: action potential is created at a
certain threshold and has just one magnitude no matter the
amount of stimulus
efferent neurons correct answer: motor neurons carry info from
CNS to periphery
afferent neurons correct answer: sensory neurons carry info
from sense organs to CNS
dendrites correct answer: receive impulses
cell body correct answer: receives activity from dendrites
axon correct answer: impulse leaves cell here
ion exchange during AP correct answer: 1. sodium ions enter
and depolarize to +30 to +50 mV
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Speech Science Exam 2 Questions

With Complete Solutions

absolute refractory period correct answer: 0.5 ms, sodium channels open, another AP cannot be created at this location, sets upper limit to how fast an AP can be repeated relative refractory period correct answer: a few to 20 ms following absolute refractory period, potassium channels open, another AP can be created if stimulation is greater than threshold all or none correct answer: action potential is created at a certain threshold and has just one magnitude no matter the amount of stimulus efferent neurons correct answer: motor neurons carry info from CNS to periphery afferent neurons correct answer: sensory neurons carry info from sense organs to CNS dendrites correct answer: receive impulses cell body correct answer: receives activity from dendrites axon correct answer: impulse leaves cell here ion exchange during AP correct answer: 1. sodium ions enter and depolarize to +30 to +50 mV

  1. potassium ions exit and sodium channels close and repolarize to -70 mV, which is a small over shoot from resting membrane potential (hyperpolarization) resting membrane potential correct answer: -60 to -90 mV action potential propogation correct answer: 1. AP approaches axon terminal
  2. AP arrives at end plate
  3. entry of calcium ions causes vesicles to attach to the presynaptic membrane
  4. vesicles move to membrane surface, and open to release neurotransmitter substance (ACh)
  5. neurotransmitter binds to receptors causing depolarization of postsynaptic membrane myelination correct answer: whether or not a fiber has a myelin sheath (fatty substance causes faster causes faster action potential propogation) motoneuron correct answer: a neuron found within the brainstem or spinal cord that sends its axon out to a group of muscle fibers within a muscle frequency of neuronal firing correct answer: 200 and 1000 per second neuromuscular junction correct answer: synapse between a neuron and a muscle

muscle=average number of muscle fibers innervated by a single axon for that muscle muscle twitch correct answer: a brief period of muscle contraction resulting from a single action potential down a single motor unit axon unfused tetanus correct answer: the frequency of stimulation is increased, the frequency of the twitches increases until a frequency is reached at which the tension from one twitch builds upon that of the previous one 3 ways to increase force of a muscle correct answer: 1. increase the rate of discharge of a single motor unit

  1. recruit additional motor units into the activity
  2. activate larger motor units torso correct answer: skeletal framework, thorax, abdomen respiratory anatomy aspects correct answer: thorax, chest wall, pulmonary subsystem, breathing system thorax correct answer: part of the body between the neck and abdomen chest wall correct answer: everything surrounding the lungs that could change their size, but NOT the lungs upper airways correct answer: mouth, nose, throat cavities, larynx

lower airways correct answer: those below the larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, lungs alveoli correct answer: where gas is exchanged, 300 million conducting airways correct answer: the trachea and the first 16 generations of the airways transition and respiratory zone correct answer: the last 7 generations where gas exchange takes place within the alveoli anatomical dead space correct answer: conducting airways which contain no alveoli and therefore themselves take no part in gas exchange, a volume of about 150 ml visceral pleura correct answer: membrane that covers the lungs parietal pleura correct answer: membrane which is the inner surface of the thoracic cavity and top of the diaphragm serous fluid correct answer: thin film that lubricates the motion between the visceral and parietal pleura and links them together pleural linkage correct answer: allows a balance of passive forces between the lungs and the rest of the thorax, lungs naturally want to be smaller, thorax naturally wants to be bigger alveolar pressure correct answer: the air pressure within the airways of the lung

redundancy of function correct answer: when different muscle groups are used for the same goal compensation correct answer: when you have to use the muscles more or ask other muscles to help out when certain muscles are not functioning well or there is pain accessory muscles of inhalation correct answer: sternocleidomastoid scalenus anterior, medial, posterior subclavius pectoralis major pectoralis minor serratus anterior levatorus costarum serratus posterior superior latissimus dorsi expiration correct answer: air flows from the lungs when the alveolar pressure in the lungs is greater than the atmospheric pressure outside the body passive expiration correct answer: 1. lung tissue elasticity

  1. surface tension of the surfactant inside the alveoli
  2. thoracic recoil with deep inspiration (above 55%) independence of motion correct answer: ex: external intercostals can be used without the diaphragm to inhale

paradoxical motion correct answer: movement of a part of the chest in the opposite direction to the rest of the chest during respiration primary muscles of expiration correct answer: abdominal muscles (rectus abdominus, external oblique, internal oblique, abdominal aponeurosis, transverse abdominis) and internal intercostals accessory muscles for expiration correct answer: transversus thoracis subcostal muscles serratus posterior inferior quadratus lumborum latissimus dorsi passive recoil forces correct answer: 1. surface tension of alveoli

  1. thoracic recoil above 55%
  2. elasticity of lungs resting expiratory level correct answer: the condition reached at the bottom or low end of resting tidal volume tidal volume correct answer: like resting volume, but the person can be doing any level of activity resting tidal volume correct answer: the amount of air inspired or expired during a respiratory cycle when someone is resting