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Speech Language Pathology (SLP) Praxis
Exam Version 2 (NEW 2024/ 2025 Update)
Questions and Verified Answers| 100%
Correct | Graded A
QUESTION
A fourth-grade student presents to a school SLP with receptive-expressive language disorder. The student has difficulty with asking "wh-" questions. Specifically, the student tends to ask only "who" and "what" questions. When probed, the student will ask "why" and "when" questions but often uses the terms incorrectly. When writing the annual Individualized Education Program for the student, which of the following goals is most appropriate and measurable? A. The student will ask six related "wh-" questions with 100% accuracy. B. The student will ask six related "wh-" questions with minimal cueing in two out of three tries. C. The student will ask six related "wh-" questions with no cueing and with 100% accuracy. D. The student will ask six related "wh-" questions with no cueing in one out of three tries. Answer: (B) Rationale: The goal is specific, measurable, realistic, and time limited and addresses the student's specific needs.
QUESTION
Which of the following is an example of a reversible passive? A. The balloon was broken by the pin. B. The kite was flown by Ben Franklin. C. Jared was bullied by Michael. D. The girl put her doll by her friend. Answer: (C) Rationale: In reversible passive constructions, participants can fit into either role.
QUESTION
Which of the following benchmarks best aligns with current research on typical communication development for 3-year-old children? A. Understanding approximately 1,000 words B. Using irregular third-person-singular verb forms C. Having a mean length of utterance (MLUM L U) in morphemes of six D. Producing approximately ten consonant phonemes accurately Answer: (A) Rationale: Receptive vocabulary is reported at approximately 1,000 words for 3-year-old children.
QUESTION
The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) guarantees parents access to their child's educational records. However, this mandate does not apply to the daily records kept by an SLP working in a school setting if these records A. are not used for treatment-related reimbursement from state or local government B. remain within the school district in which the SLP works C. are kept in the sole possession of the SLP D. are not distributed to anyone outside of the child's school Answer: (C) Rationale: FERPA states that daily notes can be kept in the sole possession of an SLP as long as the purpose is to serve as a "memory jogger" for the creator of the record.
QUESTION
Which of the following will most effectively decrease the fundamental frequency? A. Increasing the mass of the vocal folds B. Increasing the subglottal pressure C. Raising the position of the larynx within the neck
QUESTION
A clinician is starting treatment with a new client with specific language impairment (SLIS L I). Which of the following is the most appropriate source of information for the SLP to use in developing the treatment plan? A. Advice from a senior colleague in the speech clinic B. An all-day seminar presented by a leading clinician in the area of SLIS L I C. A peer-reviewed article describing a large-scale study comparing several methods of treatment for SLIS L I D. A conference presentation of unpublished cutting-edge research comparing several methods of treatment for SLI Answer: (C) Rationale: When an SLP is looking for information to develop a lesson plan for a client with SLIS L I, the best source of information is a peer-reviewed article that focuses on a large-scale study and compares several treatment methods.
QUESTION
Which of the following statements about dysphagia screening and assessment/evaluation is true? A. Screening identifies the likelihood of dysphagia and the need for further assessment. B. Screening identifies the nature and severity of dysphagia and enables treatment planning. C. Assessment/evaluation is a pass-fail procedure that determines whether or not a patient is aspirating. D. Assessment/evaluation can be performed by non-SLP observers. Answer: (A) Rationale: Screening is a method that allows for the identification of dysphagia and determines the need to assess the condition further.
QUESTION
Infants with cleft lip and palate are susceptible to middle ear disease because which of the following muscles is commonly impaired? A. The superior constrictor muscle B. The levator veli palatini muscle C. The palatopharyngeus muscle D. The tensor veli palatini muscle Answer: (D) Rationale: The tensor veli palatini muscle when contracted opens the auditory tube, equalizing middle ear pressure. When the tensor is not functioning properly, the auditory tube is not opened, pressure is not equalized, and fluid may accumulate in the middle ear. The tensor veli palatini travels around the hamulus of the sphenoid bone, where it has a fanlike appearance, and becomes the palatine aponeurosis, extending from the hard palate to the free border of the soft palate.
QUESTION
Two months after undergoing surgery to improve velopharyngeal function, a client continues to exhibit nasal airflow only on the production of /s/ and /sh/forward slash s forward slash and forward slash s h forward slash, and also exhibits glottal stops for several pressure consonants. The most appropriate next action for the SLP to take is to A. request consideration of prosthetic management B. request a nasoendoscopic study C. inform the surgeon that the client is not making satisfactory progress D. provide speech treatment to correct compensatory articulation errors Answer: (D) Rationale: It would be appropriate to provide speech-language services with the objective of reducing and eliminating the speech-production errors evidenced by the patient.
QUESTION
Following placement of a tracheostomy tube, a patient recovering from cardiothoracic surgery is successfully weaned from mechanical ventilation. A day later the SLP receives a consult to assess patient candidacy for using a one-way tracheostomy valve. Which of the following observations is the most important contraindication for safe and successful patient tolerance of the one-way valve?
QUESTION
Discriminative stimulus is associated with Skinner. Zone of proximal development is associated with Vygotsky. Language generativity is associated with Chomsky. Object permanence is associated with Piaget. Any other pairings would be incorrect. Answer:
QUESTION
A 62-year-old male presents to an outpatient SLP following an extended stay at a rehabilitation facility. He had a left-hemisphere stroke three months ago and currently has moderate Broca's aphasia and severe apraxia of speech. It is difficult for him to participate in conversation because of the combination of his word-finding deficits and apraxia of speech. The patient's normal speech pattern consists of one- to two-word phrases, at times including paraphasias. He is able to write but often misspells words. During evaluation, the SLP finds the patient is able to initiate communication, recognize and categorize picture symbols, and comprehend familiar words and phrases. In general, his communication is fragmented and inefficient, but he will try anything to get his message across. Which of the following AAC treatment strategies would be most appropriate for the patient to start with? A. Accessing stored messages in Answer: (A) Rationale: Accessing stored messages with a device can ease the burden of communication and assist the patient in answering simple questions.
QUESTION
Which of the following strategies is most appropriate for an SLP to try in an effort to minimize the perception of mild nasal emission in a patient? A. Increasing fundamental frequency B. Using light articulatory contacts C. Reducing mouth opening D. Increasing rate of speech
Answer: (B) Rationale: Using light articulatory contacts can help decrease perception of nasal emissions.
QUESTION
An 81-year-old female presents to a rehabilitation hospital following a severe L MCA stroke. The patient has poststroke right-sided weakness, right neglect, and suspected nonfluent aphasia. Receptive language appears to be mildly impacted. The patient has a complex medical history, including TBI following a car accident two years ago, obesity, diabetes, seizure disorder, congestive heart failure, and hypertension. Socially, the patient has lived alone for the past three years following her husband's death. Since her car accident she mainly watches TV at home and leaves her house only for dialysis. She has meals on wheels and home health aides to assist her with showering. Because of her TBI, her behavior is often variable and erratic. The highest level of education she attained was seventh grade. She stayed home to take care of her children and did not have a career. 1 - Which of the following medical conditions, in Answer: 1 - are more likely to have metacognitive problems in addition to the aphasia, thus impacting their ability to improve. 2 - (C) Rationale: When an SLP assesses phrase length, it is important to task the patient with open-ended questions to assess the patient's ability to spontaneously produce speech. 3 - (B) Rationale: Information about the severity of the patient's stroke is necessary to estimate the patient's chance of recovery.
QUESTION
Inhalation during respiration is primarily carried out through the movement of which of the following muscles or muscle groups?
(A)
Rationale: This approach would give the client the best access to completing the homework. The letter tiles would provide a support for the client to complete the homework and are a regular part of this treatment approach.
QUESTION
Which of the following instruments is often used to document stages of recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBIT B I)? A. Glasgow Coma Scale B. Scale of Executive Function C. Sequenced Inventory of Communication Development D. Rancho Los Amigos Scales of Cognitive Function Answer: (D) Rationale: The Rancho Los Amigos Scales of Cognitive Function is the only truly "scaled" instrument developed specifically for rehabilitation documentation following TBIT B I.
QUESTION
A large metropolitan school district wants to determine the prevalence of developmental stuttering among all enrolled students during the past year. Which of the following approaches is most appropriate for accomplishing the task? A. Dividing the total number of students who currently stutter by the total number of students who were enrolled during the past year B. Subtracting the total number of students who received treatment for stuttering during the past year from the total number of students who currently stutter C. Multiplying the total number of students who currently stutter by the total number of students enrolled during the past year D. Dividing the total number of newly identified students who stutter by the total number of students enrolled during the past year Answer: (A) Rationale: The prevalence of stuttering is the percentage found by dividing the number of students who currently stutter by the number of students enrolled in school.
QUESTION
An SLP uses evidence-based practice by integrating the perspectives and values of the client, patient, or caregivers into the treatment plan. Which of the following best reflects simultaneous incorporation of the host culture's perspectives and values and maintenance of the native culture's perspectives and values? A. Acculturation B. Assimilation C. Enculturation D. Ethnocentrism Answer: (A) Rationale: Acculturation is the incorporation of the host culture's perspective and the native culture's perspective and values.
QUESTION
The commonly used chin-down posture was initially developed to eliminate thin-liquid aspiration in people with delayed pharyngeal stage onset after having a stroke, and when its efficacy was investigated, it was found to be 50% effective. For whom is the chin-down posture ineffective at eliminating thin-liquid aspiration? A. People who have cricopharyngeal dysfunction B. People who aspirate residue from the pyriform sinuses C. People who have impaired lingual function D. People who aspirate residue from the valleculae Answer: (B) Rationale: Shanahan et al. (1993) found that 50 percent of people with stroke- and swallowing-related aspiration due to delayed onset of the pharyngeal response continued to aspirate from the pyriform sinuses using the chin-down posture. Moreover, Eisenhuber et al. (2002) found that people with a pyriform sinus residue with a height that was less than 50 percent of the pyriform sinus height aspirated significantly more than those with less or no pyriform sinus residue.
Answer: (C) Rationale: Sensitivity is the success rate in identifying all of the children who truly have a disorder.
QUESTION
A 72-year-old right-handed female is evaluated following a left-hemisphere stroke. Findings reveal a moderate Broca's aphasia. Which of the following is the primary goal of intervention for the client? To improve the client's pragmatics skills and abilities To increase the client's ability to express functional comprehension abilities To improve the client's ability to express production of syntactically appropriate sentences To enable the client's ability to use a digital augmentative communication system Answer: (C) Rationale: Improvement of expression, particularly syntax, is the most appropriate focus of treatment for Broca's aphasia. C-
QUESTION
An SLP tries to elicit correct production of the target sound /s/forward slash s forward slash. Which of the following words provides the best coarticulatory conditions to meet the SLP's goal? A. Spoon B. Sea C. Sob D. Soup Answer: (B) Rationale: The target sound /s/forward slash s forward slash and the vowel /i/forward slash i forward slash that follows it both require lip spreading. The vowel /i/forward slash i forward slash is high and front.
QUESTION
Management of which one of the following examination observations alone will produce the best improvement in the pneumonia risk of an adult patient with chronic dysphagia? A. Poor oral bolus control and containment B. Poor oral hygiene and dependence for oral care C. Delayed onset of the pharyngeal stage of swallowing D. Impaired distension of the upper esophageal sphincter Answer: (B) Rationale: Studies have identified poor oral hygiene (including presence of decayed teeth) and dependency for oral care as significant independent predictors of pneumonia in people with chronic dysphagia.
QUESTION
Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of articulation therapy for a 2-year-old patient with a repaired cleft palate and compensatory errors? A. Cycling through multiple speech goals in a given session B. Having a play-based learning approach to address goals C. Focusing on carryover of speech productions D. Addressing speech targets with high frequency and intensity Answer: (B) Rationale: Based on the age of the child, the only appropriate treatment listed is a play-based approach. All other treatments listed are inappropriate for the age of the child.
QUESTION
Early intentional communication typically emerges in the months leading up to a child's first birthday. Which of the following communicative functions typically emerges first in this period? A. Requesting B. Commenting C. Protesting
Mentally solving a complex math problem Answer:
- Alternating Attention—Sorting playing cards by color, then sorting by number, and then sorting by color again.
- Sustained Attention—Focusing on hearing a person speaking while the television is on. - Selective Attention—Listening to a list of spoken words for a target word over a 3-minute period. - Working Memory—Solving a complex math problem in your head. Any other order is incorrect because as Sohlberg and Mateer (2010) lay out the types of attention, their descriptions match the assessment tasks described below. That is, sustained attention involves maintaining attention over a period of time (3 minutes); selective attention involves a distraction (television); working memory involves holding information in your head and manipulating that information (math problem); and alternating attention involves switching between two tasks or two parts of a task (sorting by color and then by number).
QUESTION
An SLP assesses a 3-year-old child with poor intelligibility. The SLP attempts to determine whether the child has a severe phonological disorder or childhood apraxia of speech (CASC A S). Which TWO of the following characteristics are primarily indicative of CASC A S? A. Presenting with decreased strength and muscle coordination B. Displaying inconsistencies in articulation performance C. Making the same errors independent of length of speech utterance D. Speaking with a disrupted rate, rhythm, and stress of speech Answer: (B) and (D) Rationale: Children with CASC A S struggle to make consistent productions of speech sounds. Children with CASC A S speak with a rate, rhythm, and stress of speech that can be disrupted, and sometimes they can appear to be groping for placement.
QUESTION
A 6-year-old child has difficulty producing both regular and irregular plural forms. Intervention for this problem would best target language at the level of A. syntax B. phonology C. morphology
D. semantics Answer: (C) Rationale: Regular and irregular plural forms are morphological markers.
QUESTION
A patient is referred to speech therapy after a total laryngectomy. The SLP teaches the patient to speak by taking air in through the mouth, trapping it in the throat, and then releasing it. Which of the following treatments is the SLP primarily implementing with the patient? A. Tracheoesophageal puncture B. Esophageal speech C. Neck electrolarynx D. Intraoral artificial larynx Answer: (B) Rationale: Esophageal speech focuses on using the esophagus to provide speech, and no devices are used.
QUESTION
Questions 33-35 refer to the following information. A 72-year-old male presents to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) following a complicated hospital stay. The patient is morbidly obese and has a history of COPD, depression, hypertension, diabetes, Bell's palsy, encephalopathy, and congestive heart failure. During his stay, he was not intubated but became very weak as a result of extended time in bed. In the hospital, he was placed on an NDD Level 2 diet with nectar-thick liquids due to aspiration of thin liquids and poor oral control of regular solids. The patient worked until he was 50 years old, but his health conditions led to his early retirement. Before his hospitalization, the patient did not leave his house very often, and his wife helped him with all ADLs. While evaluating the patient at the SNF, the SLP noticed that the patient was disoriented and confused, appeared to be hallucinating, grunted loudly when Answer: 2 - (C)
Answer: (B) Rationale: If disparities exist between examinees and the norm group in terms of skills and experiences, the conclusions based on the examinees' test performance may be misleading.
QUESTION
To compensate for the effects of normal aging on cognitive functions, older adults will naturally demonstrate A. greater amounts of bilateral activation of prefrontal brain regions B. significant reduction in the activation of the hippocampus C. increased activation in areas of the cortex responsible for visual-spatial processing D. an increase in semantic abilities that do not rely on long-term memory abilities Answer: (A) Rationale: Alterations in the prefrontal areas in particular are some of the changes seen in normal aging, in part to compensate for reduced frontal activation.
QUESTION
A 90-year-old female patient residing in a long-term care facility is referred to the facility SLP for a swallow evaluation. The patient has advanced dementia, is under hospice care, and is currently on a pureed diet with nectar-thick liquids. During the evaluation, the SLP finds that the patient is showing signs and symptoms of aspiration on all consistencies, including pudding- thick liquids. The patient's cognitive condition makes an instrumental exam inappropriate. The SLP's recommendation is nothing by mouth (NPON P O) except for pleasure. The family and patient have decided against feeding-tube placement. Which of the following is a primary ethical responsibility of the SLP in this situation? A. Asking the family what diet level they would like the patient to consume B. Making a recommendation based on clinical judgment C. Deferring to a doctor or nurse to help with the decision D. Refusing to write diet orders for Answer: (B)
Rationale: In this situation the role of the SLP is to keep the patient as safe as possible. Because the family does not want to pursue a feeding tube, the SLP has to choose the diet that is most appropriate for the patient.
QUESTION
For a patient's use of consonant cluster reduction, the SLPS L P would most appropriately recommend intervention, including words such as A. knight B. laugh C. stop D. wish Answer: (C) Rationale: The /st/forward slash s t forward slash in "stop" is the only cluster occurring in the word choices.
QUESTION
Esophageal and tracheoesophageal (TEPT E P) techniques for producing alaryngeal voice are similar in that both A. redirect expiratory airflow from the lungs to the esophagus B. result in a vocal fundamental frequency similar to that of laryngeal phonation C. require the speaker to occlude the stoma with either a thumb or a valve D. depend on adequate vibration of the pharyngoesophageal (P EP E) segment Answer: (D) Rationale: Both esophageal speech and tracheoesophageal speech require vibration of the P EP E segment. Esophageal speech uses air from stomach/lower esophagus to upper esophagus/pharynx, where it vibrates the wall. TEPT E P speech requires the patient to cover the stoma to redirect air and initiate vibration. Fundamental frequency is different than that of laryngeal phonation (e. g. for example, variability and prosody).
