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biology notes for biology class professor frankino
Typology: Lecture notes
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< 1000 across 14 roosts 30 yr
200,000 now Lesser Long Nosed Bat
Groups of potentially reproducing individuals that are distinct or isolated from other such individuals Emphasis is on genetic isolation from other groups Widely used …
Doesn’t work for fossils Doesn’t work for asexuals What degree of isolation is allowed? Rare hybridization okay? What about greatly reduced fitness rather than zero fitness? Often difficult to test Watch extra video
trait one trait two More dimensions = Divergence trait three
Evolutionary Convergence (may not reflect evolutionary history) How to weigh traits? Which traits to measure? Cutoffs are arbitrary
Species are defined by their niche; competition is stronger within species than among them (or they could not coexist) Works for asexuals Has adaptive peak appeal
Shared, derived characters define the smallest possible monophyletic group Inherently evolutionary (ancestor/descendent)
Works for asexuals
Splitter/lumper effects with traits or How finely do you split groups?
Tendency to inflate species number
Good luck applying this in nature
‘Fuzzy’ language Ancestor-descendent lineages that maintain their identity from others and that have their own evolutionary tendencies and fate Time A
Species are the result of speciation events
easy to apply allows you get on with more interesting things Species Speciation
Geographic isolation allows groups to differentiate
Geographic isolation allows groups to differentiate
vicariance - physical barrier arises the divides population