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SPC 1017 Midterm Exam 2025- 2026 With
Practice Questions and Correct Answers | SPC
1017 Midterm Exam Prep 2025- 2026 | Spc 1017
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Human communication the sending and receiving of verbal and nonverbal messages between two or more people Intrapersonal communication communication with the self Interpersonal communication communication between two persons or among a small group of persons, as distinguished from public or mass communication Interviewing a particular form of interpersonal communication in which two persons interact largely through questions and answers for the purpose of achieving specific goals Small group communication communication among a collection of individuals small enough in number that all members may interact with relative ease as both senders and receivers, the members being related to one another by some common purpose and with some degree of organization or structure
Public communication communication in which the source is one person and the receiver is an audience of many persons Computer-mediated communication a general term denoting all forms of communication between people that take place through some computer, electronic, or Internet connection Mass communication communication that is addressed to an extremely large audience, mediated by audio and/or visual transmitters, and processed by gatekeepers before transmission Models a representation of an object or process Source any person or thing that creates messages. a source may be an individual speaking, writing, or gesturing or a computer sending an error message Receiver any person or thing that takes in messages
Feedback information that is given back to the source Metamessage a message that makes reference to another message "Did I make myself clear?" "That's a lie" Upward communication communication in which the messages are sent from lower levels to upper levels of an organization or hierarchy (Line worker to management) Downward communication communication sent from the higher levels or a hierarchy to the lower levels (managers to workers) Lateral communication communication among equals Grapevine communication informal routes by which messages in an organization may travel; these informal lines resemble the physical grapevine, with its unpredictable pattern of branches
Channel the vehicle or medium through which signals are sent Noise anything that interferes with a person's receiving a message as the source intended the message to be received Signal-to-noise ratio in verbal interaction, the relationship between what is signal (meaningful) and what is noise (interference) Effect the outcome or consequence of an action or behavior Ambiguity the condition in which a message can be interpreted as having more than one meaning Content and relationship dimension two simultaneous aspects of any given communication: the aspect that pertains to the world external to both speaker and listener and the aspect having to do with the relationship between the individuals
Information power power derived from the possession of information and the ability to communicate logically and persuasively Punctuation of communication the breaking up of continuous communication sequences into short sequences with identifiable beginnings and endings or stimuli and responses Inevitability in communication, the fact that communication cannot be avoided--that all behavior in an interactional setting is communication Irreversibility the impossibility of reversing communication Culture the relatively specialized lifestyle of a group of people--consisting of values, beliefs, artifacts, ways of behaving, and ways of communicating--that is passed from one generation to the next Ethnic identity commitment to the beliefs and customs of a culture
Ethnocentrism the tendency to see others and their behaviors through our own cultural filters, often as distortions of our own behaviors; the tendency to evaluate the values and beliefs of our own culture more positively than those of another culture Communication competence knowledge of the rules and skills of communication; the qualities that make for effectiveness in communication Mindfulness in a mindful state, we are aware of the logic and rationality of our behaviors and the logical connections existing among elements Mindlessness in a mindless state, we are unaware of this logic and rationality Ethics the branch of philosophy that deals with the rightness or wrongness of actions; the study of moral values
Imposter phenomenon the tendency to disregard outward signs of success and to consider yourself an "imposter," a fake, a fraud, one hwo doesn't really deserve to be considered successful Self-disclosure the process of revealing something about yourself to another person. usually refers to information that would be kept hidden Perception the process of becoming aware of objects and events via the senses Selective perception the tendency to perceive certain things and not others; includes selective attention and selective exposure Impression formation the processes you go through in forming an impression of another person Impression management the processes you go through to create the impression you want the other person to have of you
Self-fulfilling prophecy the situation in which you make a prediction or prophecy that comes true becuase you act on it as if it were true Proximity as a principle of percecption, the tendency to perceive people or events that are physically close as belonging together or representing some kind of a unit. also, physical closeness; one of the factors influencing interpersonal attraction Similarity as a principle of perception, the tendency to see things that are physically similar as belonging together and/or constituting a unit. as a principle of attraction, your tendency to be attracted to people with qualities similar to your own and to people who are similar to you. Contrast often-followed rule of perception: messages or people who are very different from each other probably don't belong together, and do not constitute a set or group Pygmalion effect condition in which we make a prediction of success, act as if it were true, and thereby make it come true; a type of self-fulfilling prophecy Primacy effect
Overattribution the tendency to attribute a great deal of what a person does or believes to one or two obvious characteristics of the person Fundamental attribution error the tendency to attribute a person's behavior to the kind of person he or she is and not to give sufficient importance to the situation the person is in Perception checking the process of verifying your understanding of some message or situation or feeling to reduce uncertainty Affinity-seeking strategies behaviors designed to increase interpersonal attractiveness Politeness strategies strategies that support another's face needs and may be used as a strategy to appear likeable Positive face the need and desire to be viewed positively by others, to be thought of favorably
Negative face the need and desire to be autonomous, to have the right to do as one wishes Credibility the believability of a speaker; competence, character, and charisma are its major dimensions Self-handicapping strategies techniques used to excuse possible failure Self-deprecating strategies techniques used to signal your inability to do some task or your incompetence to encourage another to help you out Self-monitoring strategies the manipulation of the image presented to others in interpersonal interactions so as to create a favorable impression Influencing strategies strategies designed to influence the attitudes or behaviors of others
Situational listening a view of listening holding that effective listening needs to be adjusted to the specific situation; one style of listening does not fit all forms of communication Empathy the ability to feel what another person feels Assimilation a process of distortion in which we reconstruct messages to make them conform to our own attitudes, prejudices, needs, and values Weasel words words whose meanings are slippery and difficult to pin down Euphemisms a polite word or phrse used to substitute for some taboo or otherwise offensive term Jargon the technical language of any specialized group, often a professional class, that is unintelligible to individuals not belonging to the group
Gobbledygook overly complex language that overwhelms the listener instead of communicating meaning Active listening the process of putting together into some meaningful whole an understanding of a speaker's total message--the verbal and the nonverbal, the content and the feelings Denotation the objective or descriptive meaning of a word; its referential meaning Connotation the feeling or emotional aspect of meaning, generally viewed as consisting of evaluative, potency, and activity dimensions Snarl words highly negative words that express the feelings of the speaker rather than any objective reality Purr words highly positive words that express the speaker's feelings rather than any objective reality
an interpseronal process by which individuals work together for a common end; the pooling of efforts to produce a mutually desired outcome Cultural rules rules that are specific to a given cultural group Disconfirmation a communication pattern in which someone ignores a person or that person's messages, even denying the right of the individual to define himself or herself Rejection a response to an individual that disagrees with or denies the validity of something the individual says or does Confirmation a communication pattern that acknowledges another person's presence and also indicates an acceptance of this person and his or her definition of self, and the relationship as defined or viewed by this person Ableism discrimination against people with disabilities
Heterosexist speech languages that assumes all people are heterosecual and that therby denigrates lesbians and gay men Ageism discrimination based on age Sexist language language derogatory to one gender, usually women Intensional orientation a tendency to give primary consideration to the way things are labeled and only secondary consideration to the world or experience Extensional orientation a tendency to give primary consideration to the world of experience and only secondary consideration to labels Fact-inference confusion a misevaluation in which someone makes an inference, regards it as a fact, and acts on it as if it were a fact
