Download Phonetics & Phonology Terms: Allophones, Consonants, Digraphs, Diphthongs, Graphemes, Homo and more Quizzes English Language in PDF only on Docsity!
Allophone
: one of two or more variants of the same phoneme.. pin and the unaspirated \p\ of spin are allophones of the phoneme \p>In phonology, an allophone is one of a set of multiple possible spoken sounds (or phones) or signs used to pronounce a single phoneme in a particular language. any of the members of a class of speech sounds that, taken together, are commonly felt to be a phoneme, as the t- sounds of toe, stow, tree, hatpin, catcall, cats, catnip, button, metal, city; a speech sound constituting one of the phoneticvariants of a particular phoneme. TERM 2
Consonant
DEFINITION 2 : a speech sound (such as /p/, /d/, or /s/) that is made by partly or completely stopping the flow of air breathed out from the mouthIn articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the vocal tract. TERM 3
Digraph
DEFINITION 3 Two graphemes or letters that represent only one sound.wh, qu, ch sh, th or ck in tacks. : a group of two successive letters whose phonetic value is a single sound (as ea in bread or ng in sing) or whose value is not the sum of a value borne by each in other occurrences (as ch in chin where the value is \t\ + \sh) TERM 4
Diphthong
DEFINITION 4 linguistics : two vowel sounds joined in one syllable to form one speech sound.A diphthong (Greek: , diphthongos, literally "two sounds" or "two tones"), also known as a gliding vowel, refers to two adjacent vowel sounds occurring within the same syllable.The diphthongs are /ai/ the vowel song in bite. (written bait)backwards ci = the vowel sounds in void (written void) /au/ = the vowel sounds in bout (written baut) TERM 5
Grapheme
DEFINITION 5 1: a unit (as a letter or digraph) of a writing system i.e. letters of the alphabetA grapheme is the smallest unit used in describing the writing system of a language, originally coined by analogy with the phoneme of spoken languages.
Homophone
Words that have the same sound sound but different meanings such as to, too, and two : one of two or more words pronounced alike but different in meaning or derivation or spelling (as the words to, too, and two) one/won, there/their bare/bear TERM 7
International Phonetic Alphabet
DEFINITION 7 A set of common symbols used by linguists all over the world to represent sounds regardless of the language.The International Phonetic Alphabet is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet. TERM 8
Minimal
Pair
DEFINITION 8 Two words distinguished by a single sound are called a minimal pair. For example: bit:pitIn phonology, minimal pairs are pairs of words or phrases in a particular language that differ in only one phonological element, such as a phoneme, toneme or chroneme, and have distinct meanings. TERM 9
Morpheme
DEFINITION 9 linguistics : a word or a part of a word that has a meaning and that contains no smaller part that has a meaningIn linguistics, a morpheme is the smallest grammatical unit in a language. In other words, it is the smallest meaningful unit of a language. TERM 10
Phoneme
DEFINITION 10 A systematic sound. linguistics : the smallest unit of speech that can be used to make one word different from another wordA significant sound - one capable of signaling meaning.A phoneme /fonim/ is a basic unit of a language's phonology, which is combined with other phonemes to form meaningful units, morphemes.
Phonological Awareness
The ability to perceive the segmental nature sounds.Phonological awareness refers to an individual's awareness of the phonological structure, or sound structure, of words.Phonological awareness refers to an individual's awareness of the phonological structure, or sound structure, of words. TERM 17
Schwa
DEFINITION 17 : a vowel that has the sound of the first and last vowels of the English word America: the symbol that is used for the schwa soundUnstressed mid central vowel is such words as horses, butter, bottle, and shorten.Single sound most responsible for misspellings.In linguistics, specifically phonetics and phonology, schwa (sometimes spelled shwa) refers to the mid-central vowel sound (rounded or unrounded) in the middle of the vowel chart, denoted by the IPA symbol , or another vowel sound close to that position. TERM 18
Voiced versus voiceless sounds
DEFINITION 18 Consonants are spoken by impeding the flow of air. Vowels are voiced sounds. TERM 19
vowel
DEFINITION 19 Vowels do not involve blockage of the vocal tract. All English vowels are voiced.In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language, such as an English ah! // or oh! /o/, pronounced with an open vocal tract so that there is no build-up of air pressure at any point above the glottis. TERM 20
Complementary Distribution
DEFINITION 20 Complementary distribution is the mutually exclusive relationship between two phonetically similar segments. It exists when one segment occurs in an environment where the other segment never occurs.p=cupp=potIn linguistics, complementary distribution, as distinct from contrastive distribution and free variation, is the relationship between two different elements of the same kind, where one element is found in one set of environments and the other element is found in a non-intersecting (i.e.
Contrastive Phoneme
Contrastive distribution in linguistics, as opposed to complementary distribution or free variation, is the relationship between two different elements, where both elements are found in the same environment with a change in meaning. TERM 22
Articulatory Phonetics
DEFINITION 22 The field of articulatory phonetics is a subfield of phonetics. In studying articulation, phoneticians explain how humans produce speech sounds via the interaction of different physiological structures. TERM 23
Homograph
DEFINITION 23 Same spelling but different meaning:Example: Bear = carry or Bear = Stand TERM 24
Homonyms
DEFINITION 24 In linguistics, a homonym is a word that has different meanings. In the strict sense, one of a group of words that share the same spelling and pronunciation but have different meanings.Same name, same spelling, same semantic field. TERM 25
Etymology
DEFINITION 25 Etymology is the study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning have changed over time.
