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Solved Exam 1 for Modern America | HIST 2060, Study notes of World History

Exam 1 Material Type: Notes; Professor: Zalewski; Class: Modern America; Subject: History; University: Bowling Green State University; Term: Fall 2011;

Typology: Study notes

2010/2011

Uploaded on 12/28/2011

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THE HIDDEN CIVIL WAR – no unified white south; each state is split into different areas with acute economic and
social differences.
Plantation farms vs. upcountry farms (differences): upcountry farmers were small farmers who hardly utilized slave
labor; plantation farmers were ones who used slave labor to the fullest.
Congressional reconstruction/ Radical reconstruction: congressional –provides the free slaves the rights that all
Americans have, along with the removal of the former southern white elites from power.
Presidential reconstruction: favored a quick resolution with limited oversight of southern states.
Andrew Johnson
1--What are his views on reconstruction? Johnson favored the congressional reconstruction plan.
2--Why do they fail? His views failed because he did not support black rights, so he took on the presidential
reconstruction plan. It really failed then because Lincoln never layed down a concrete way to reconstruct.
Black Codes – codes that the south passed to keep slaves bound to the land
Freedman’s Bureau: welfare institution that helps former slaves but does not encourage them to fight back against
former plantation elitists.
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 – granted blacks citizenship and the same rights enjoyed by white citizens to all males
in the US
Reconstruction Amendments: amendment 13: bans slavery; amendment 14: all people born or naturalized in the
US are considered US citizens; amendment 15: denial of the right to vote based on race, color, or past is
prohibited.
1866 race riots in Memphis and New Orleans-What do they show about southern states, how do they help the
Radical cause: the riots showed the north that the south was still unable to accept defeat, believed in their own
superiority, and were unfit to reenter the Union.
Name two things The Military Reconstruction Act did: divides the south into 5 military districts and gives the
commander of each district the right to declare martial law to preserve order, protect blacks, and begin the
process of restoring the southern states to the union.
What positives come from Radical Reconstruction/ what negative: positives: biracial democratic governments,
downfall of southern elite, legal codes purged of racism, new public facilities, and expanded education system.
Negatives: failure of the southern economy to resurge general poverty for former slaves and poor whites.
Tenure of Office Act and the Johnson impeachment: TOA restricts the president from removing government
officials who have been approved by the Senate without the Senate consent.
The justification for poll taxes, literacy tests, and property qualifications
How do southern elites control the black population the south: poll taxes, literary exams, and property
requirements are enacted to limit who can vote; despite the 15th amendment.
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THE HIDDEN CIVIL WAR – no unified white south; each state is split into different areas with acute economic and social differences. Plantation farms vs. upcountry farms (differences): upcountry farmers were small farmers who hardly utilized slave labor; plantation farmers were ones who used slave labor to the fullest. Congressional reconstruction/ Radical reconstruction: congressional –provides the free slaves the rights that all Americans have, along with the removal of the former southern white elites from power. Presidential reconstruction: favored a quick resolution with limited oversight of southern states. Andrew Johnson 1--What are his views on reconstruction? Johnson favored the congressional reconstruction plan. 2--Why do they fail? His views failed because he did not support black rights, so he took on the presidential reconstruction plan. It really failed then because Lincoln never layed down a concrete way to reconstruct. Black Codes – codes that the south passed to keep slaves bound to the land Freedman’s Bureau: welfare institution that helps former slaves but does not encourage them to fight back against former plantation elitists. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 – granted blacks citizenship and the same rights enjoyed by white citizens to all males in the US Reconstruction Amendments: amendment 13: bans slavery; amendment 14: all people born or naturalized in the US are considered US citizens; amendment 15: denial of the right to vote based on race, color, or past is prohibited. 1866 race riots in Memphis and New Orleans-What do they show about southern states, how do they help the Radical cause: the riots showed the north that the south was still unable to accept defeat, believed in their own superiority, and were unfit to reenter the Union. Name two things The Military Reconstruction Act did: divides the south into 5 military districts and gives the commander of each district the right to declare martial law to preserve order, protect blacks, and begin the process of restoring the southern states to the union. What positives come from Radical Reconstruction/ what negative: positives: biracial democratic governments, downfall of southern elite, legal codes purged of racism, new public facilities, and expanded education system. Negatives: failure of the southern economy to resurge general poverty for former slaves and poor whites. Tenure of Office Act and the Johnson impeachment: TOA restricts the president from removing government officials who have been approved by the Senate without the Senate consent. The justification for poll taxes, literacy tests, and property qualifications How do southern elites control the black population the south: poll taxes, literary exams, and property requirements are enacted to limit who can vote; despite the 15th^ amendment.

What is the KKK – racist organization in the South; persecuted against blacks, northern whites and anyone trying to further reconstruction. What is the significance of congressmen taking bribes from industrialists, how does this effect labor reform: made it very difficult for workers to get bills and regulations that aided them and passes and made law. The significance of the compromise of 1877: ended reconstruction Corporations and the development of western farms 3 events/wars that lead the end of settler native relations: Red Cloud’s War: 1866-1868, Sioux Indians vs. US over US construction of the Bozeman Trail; Great Sioux War: ends bad for the Sioux Indians; Battle of Little Bighorn in

The Dawes Act of 1887: US used this to attempt to incorporate the Native population into American society and “civilize” them. Ethnic divisions and its affect on labor reform Monopolies Vs Trusts --What are the negatives to them? They kill competition and the ability for small and medium businesses to grow. Also, they control prices. --How do they survive? They survive through high tariffs and by bribing or blackmailing congressmen in exchange for pro big business legislation. Interstate Commerce Act: forces railroads to post their prices and not change them without warning, ends price manipulation based on travel distance, and establishes a five member board called the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate railroads. Sherman Anti-Trust Act – an act of Congress (1890) prohibiting any contract, conspiracy, or combination of business interests in restraint of foreign or interstate trade. Two forms of immigration fuel the rise of the urban worker and city: country sides into cities; and immigration form Europe, Asia, and Canada. What helped fuel the employment of women and children? The Knights of Labor – first American labor union The AFL – American federation of labor; The Homestead Strike – industrial lockout; June 30th^ 1892..Clash between labor and management. The Pullman Strike – labor unions vs. railroads. Coxey’s Army – protest march by unemployed workers led by Jacob Coxey- populist Who supports the Populists/ what are the details of their platform: the Democrats support them. Under what conditions does the Populists develop and why?