THE HIDDEN CIVIL WAR – no unified white south; each state is split into different areas with acute economic and
social differences.
Plantation farms vs. upcountry farms (differences): upcountry farmers were small farmers who hardly utilized slave
labor; plantation farmers were ones who used slave labor to the fullest.
Congressional reconstruction/ Radical reconstruction: congressional –provides the free slaves the rights that all
Americans have, along with the removal of the former southern white elites from power.
Presidential reconstruction: favored a quick resolution with limited oversight of southern states.
Andrew Johnson
1--What are his views on reconstruction? Johnson favored the congressional reconstruction plan.
2--Why do they fail? His views failed because he did not support black rights, so he took on the presidential
reconstruction plan. It really failed then because Lincoln never layed down a concrete way to reconstruct.
Black Codes – codes that the south passed to keep slaves bound to the land
Freedman’s Bureau: welfare institution that helps former slaves but does not encourage them to fight back against
former plantation elitists.
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 – granted blacks citizenship and the same rights enjoyed by white citizens to all males
in the US
Reconstruction Amendments: amendment 13: bans slavery; amendment 14: all people born or naturalized in the
US are considered US citizens; amendment 15: denial of the right to vote based on race, color, or past is
prohibited.
1866 race riots in Memphis and New Orleans-What do they show about southern states, how do they help the
Radical cause: the riots showed the north that the south was still unable to accept defeat, believed in their own
superiority, and were unfit to reenter the Union.
Name two things The Military Reconstruction Act did: divides the south into 5 military districts and gives the
commander of each district the right to declare martial law to preserve order, protect blacks, and begin the
process of restoring the southern states to the union.
What positives come from Radical Reconstruction/ what negative: positives: biracial democratic governments,
downfall of southern elite, legal codes purged of racism, new public facilities, and expanded education system.
Negatives: failure of the southern economy to resurge general poverty for former slaves and poor whites.
Tenure of Office Act and the Johnson impeachment: TOA restricts the president from removing government
officials who have been approved by the Senate without the Senate consent.
The justification for poll taxes, literacy tests, and property qualifications
How do southern elites control the black population the south: poll taxes, literary exams, and property
requirements are enacted to limit who can vote; despite the 15th amendment.
