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Material Type: Assignment; Professor: Hawley; Class: Physics for Audio Engineering; Subject: Physics; University: Belmont University; Term: Fall 2008;
Typology: Assignments
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Belmont University
1. Why does one loud violin sound different from ten violins playing in unison (such as the total sound intensity level is the same as for the single violin)? i. The multiple violins will likely be playing sounds with random phase shifts with respect to the other violin’s sounds, whereas for a single violin there will be but one signal. Also, variations in violin contruction may result in different resonance curves for the different violins, resulting in different emphases in the harmonic content of the sound. 2. (B&S Q4.5) p a. What are white noise and colored noise? Give examples and describe how they sound b. Draw graphs of intensity versus frequency for white noise and pink noise. i. Part a ii. White noise is equal intensity (not amplitude, because intensity scales as the square of the amplitude and the square of the frequency) at all frequencies. Colored noise is like white noise except there is a region of the frequency spectrum with higher intensity than at other frequencies. An example of white noise is the noise from a television when there is no signal, which sounds like “static”. A colored noise would sound static-y but with a certain frequency range emphasized. iii. Part b iv. Graphs
Belmont University
Pink Noise (made in MSPAINT)
3. (B&S Q4.6) a. What is a Helmholtz resonator? i. A Helmholtz resonator is a reactive, tuned, sound absorber. A bottle is such a resonator. It is a spherical cavity with a wide mouth, with or without a small nipple on the side opposite the mouth. b. What is unique about the resonance curve for a Helmholtz resonator? i. It resonates at all harmonics of the fundamental frequency, and it also tells us how well it resonates at each of the harmonics. c. What was its original use? i. Helmholtz resonators were use by the Greeks and Romans in their theaters to provide some reverberation an also to absorb sound at lower frequencies. d. Give examples of resonators that are similar to a Helmholtz resonator? i. Ceramic pots, Bottles, cavity of acoustic guitar. 4. If two sounds are identical then they have the same frequency spectra. If two sounds have the same frequency spectra are they identical sounds. Why or why not? Give an example to support your reasoning. a. No, because the various frequencies may have different phases with respect to each other for the two sounds. Examples in figures 4-1 and 4-2 in the text. 5. Examine the spectrum of gurgling water shown in Figure 4-36, and determine the length of the air column at that time. Pg 114 a. It appears that the fundamental frequencies is somewhere between 200 Hz and 250 Hz choosing 220 Hz, we use the equation for a tube with one end open and one close: b.