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Simple Machine:
A machine with few or no moving parts. Simple machines make work easier. Examples: Screw, Wheel and Axle, Wedge, Pulley, Inclined Plane, Lever
Compound Machine:
Two or more simple machines working together to make work easier. Examples: Wheelbarrow, Can Opener, Bicycle
Inclined plane: A sloping surface, such as a ramp. Makes lifting heavy loads easier. The trade-off is that an object must be moved a longer distance than if it was lifted straight up, but less force is needed. Examples: Staircase, Ramp
Lever: A straight rod or board that pivots on a point known as a fulcrum. Pushing down on one end of a lever results in the upward motion of the opposite end of the fulcrum. Examples: Door on Hinges, Seesaw, Hammer, Bottle Opener
Pulley: A wheel that usually has a groove around the outside edge for a rope or belt. Pulling down on the rope can lift an object attached to the rope. Work is made easier because pulling down on the rope is made easier due to gravity. Examples: Flag Pole, Crane, Mini-Blinds Screw: An inclined plane wrapped around a shaft or cylinder. This inclined plane allows the screw to move itself or to move an object or material surrounding it when rotated. Examples: Bolt, Spiral Staircase
Wedge: Two inclined planes joined back to back. Wedges are used to split things. Examples: Axe, Knife
Wheel and Axle: A larger wheel (or wheels) connected to a smaller axle. When the axle is turned, the wheel moves a greater distance than the axle, but less force is needed to move it. Example: Door Knob, Wagon, Toy Car, screwdriver
Name ___________________ SOL 4.2 Simple and Compound Machines NOTE - Simple machines are NOT included in the 5th^ REVISED Science Standards
Simple Machines
NAME THE
SIMPLE
MACHINE
WHAT IT IS
HOW THEY
MAKE WORK
EASIER
EXAMPLES – Fill in the examples from the list below
_LEVER____ A stiff bar that rests on a supportcalled a __FULCRUM________^ Lifts or movesloads
shovel seesaw crowbar bottle opener
_INCLINED
PLANE___
A slanting surface connecting a lower level to a higher level
Makes lifting easier
stairs slide sloped driveway wheelchair ramp
_WHEEL AND
AXLE
A wheel with a rod, called an _AXLE_____, through its center: Both parts move together
Lifts or moves loads
skateboard doorknob bike wheel pencil sharpener crank
SCREW An inclined plane wrappedaround a pole^ Holds thingstogether or lifts
corkscrew screw jar lid bolt
PULLEY A grooved wheel with a _ROPEor cable around it^ Moves things up,down, or across
tow truck chain mini-blind cord flag pole rope crane
_WEDGE
An object with at least one slanting side ending in a sharp edge
CUTS__ or spreads an object apart
nail pin axe knife
bolt, shovel, nail, mini-blind cord, screw, pencil sharpener crank, flag pole, slide, ax, doorknob, pin, seesaw, crowbar, corkscrew, skateboard, bottle opener, bike wheel, sloped driveway, jar lid, tow truck, stairs, knife, wheelchair ramp, crane
The bike is a compound____________ machine. Name and circle at least four simple machines in this bike. ____lever (brakes)_______ ______wheel and axle_ ______screw_____________ ______pulley (chain) ___
- Machines help us work: a. *efficiently b. frequently
- Simple machines have: a. *few or no moving parts b. many moving parts
- Name the six types of simple machines. a. wedge b. lever c. wheel and axle d. inclined plane e. pulley f. screw
- A lever: is used to lift or move things. Which is NOT a lever? a. shovel b. broom c. *ramp d. bottle opener e. hammer 5. An inclined plane: has a slanted surface. It is used to move things from a low place to a high place. Some are smooth and others have steps.
Which is not an inclined plane? a. stairs b. a ramp c. a ladder d. a roof e. *a knife
- On a wheel and axle, the wheel is connected to a center post called an axle. Turning the lager wheel makes turning the axle easier. Which is not a wheel and axle? a. doorknob b. screwdriver handle c. pencil sharpener handle, d. *hammer e. bike peddle
- A wedge is made of two inclined planes joined together to make a sharp edge. It’s used for cutting or spreading things. Some are pointed. Which is not a wedge? a. knife b. *broom c. axe
d. needle e. nail
- A screw is a twisted inclined plane. A screw: a. *can be used to hold two pieces of wood together b. is used to cut or split things
- A pulley can be used: a. to hoist a flag b. to tow a car c. *both
- A machine that is a combination of two or more simple machines is a: a. compound machine b. *complex machine
- Machines that are made of many compound machines are: a. *complex machines b. compiled machines
- Which is not a compound machine? a. bike b. wheelbarrow c. eggbeater d. *car
- Which is not a complex machine a. car b. vacuum cleaner c. *wheelbarrow d. airplane
- Which ramp requires a greater distance but less force? a. A b. B c. *C
- What is the purpose of a simple machine? a. to change potential energy into kinetic energy b. to produce inertia c. *to make work easier and use less force d. to test force
- What is the term used to describe the tendency of objects to remain at rest or in motion? a. *inertia b. force
- Which could cause an object to move? a. friction b. inertia c. *a force
- Which has the greatest inertia? a. a book b. a car c. *a truck
- An object with _____ will have more inertia. a. greater volume b. *greater mass c. greater height
