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Ionic Compounds Naming and Formula Determination, Lecture notes of Chemistry

University of Saint Francis (USF)Chemistry

Guidelines for naming ionic compounds based on the names of their ions and determining their formulas by finding the smallest ratio of cations to anions that balances out the charges. It also covers hydrates and molecular compounds, including binary molecular compounds and acids.

Typology: Lecture notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

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66 NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS
- The name of the compound is based on the name of the ions in the compound
- Cation first, anion second
Examples:
Page 63 (9th edition): Chart of polyatomic ions
Page 64 (10th edition)
* Remember to include the Roman numeral for CHARGE when you're writing transition metal
compound names!
magnesium hydroxide
sodium sulfide
beryllium bromide
iron(III) oxide
copper(II) oxide
copper(I) oxide
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd

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66 NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS

  • The name of the compound is based on the name of the ions in the compound
    • Cation first, anion second Examples:

Page 63 (9th edition): Chart of polyatomic ions

Page 64 (10th edition)

  • Remember to include the Roman numeral for CHARGE when you're writing transition metal compound names!

magnesium hydroxide

sodium sulfide

beryllium bromide

iron(III) oxide

copper(II) oxide

copper(I) oxide

67 NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS

Spelling matters!

ammonium sulfide

titanium(IV) sulfide

iron(II) carbonate

barium phosphate

barium phosphide

69 DETERMINING IONIC FORMULAS

sodium sulfate (^) strontium oxide

barium hydroxide

chromium(III) nitrate tin(II) phosphate

titanium(IV) chloride

Don't forget parenthesis when you're indicating more than one HYDROXIDE, CYANIDE, or HYPOCHLORITE ion.

(^70) HYDRATES

  • many ionic compounds are formed by crystallizing the compound from water. Sometimes, this causes water molecules to become part of the crystal structure.
    • This water is present in a definite ratio to the ions in the compound. Can be removed by heating, but will NOT evaporate if the compound is left standing.

dot indicates that the water is weakly bound to the ionic compound

water molecules per formula unit of

compound

  • many DESSICANTS are hydrates that have had their water molecules driven off. They will slowly reabsorb water from the air (and keep the environment in a dessicator at a low humidity)
  • Hydrates are named using the name of the ionic compound, and a Greek prefix in front of the word "hydrate" to indicate how many water molecules are associated

Why "copper(II)"?

72 BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS

  • Named based on the elements they contain, plus prefixes to indicate the number of atoms of each element in each molecule

FIRST ELEMENT

  • Add a GREEK PREFIX to the name of the element.
    • Omit the "MONO-" (1) prefix if there is only one atom of the first element

SEE COURSE WEB SITE FOR A LIST OF GREEK PREFIXES!

THESE ARE THE SAME PREFIXES USED FOR THE HYDRATES!

SECOND ELEMENT

  • Add a GREEK PREFIX to the STEM NAME of the element
  • Add the suffix "-ide" (as if you were naming an anion)
  • DO NOT omit the "mono-" prefix if there is only one atom of the second element

73

Examples:

BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS

carbon tetrachloride (^) dihydrogen monoxide dinitrogen tetrafluoride

*Note: metalloids like boron behave chemically like nonmetals do.

boron trifluoride

dichlorine heptaoxide

carbon monoxide

carbon

dioxide

This one is MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE, not magensium dichloride. Why not? It's ionic. How do we tell?

Look at the first element. Compounds that start with a metal are almost always ionic!

75 ACIDS

OXYACIDS

  • Easy to think about as HYDROGEN IONS combined with POLYATOMIC IONS
    • These acids are not true ionic compounds, but they interact with water to PRODUCE ions!
    • named based on the polyatomic ion they contain, with an ending change:
      • ions ending in -ATE form acids ending in -IC
        • ions ending in -ITE form acids ending in -OUS

sulfATE phosphATE^ sulfITE^

nitrate

sulfuric acid

phosphoric acid

sulfurous acid

nitric acid

76 OXYACID EXAMPLES

acetic acid nitrous acid

carbonic acid The number of hydrogen atoms at the beginning of the formula equals the charge of the anion the acid is based on!

78 FROM A CHEMICAL FORMULA

  • if the formula contains a metal or the NH ion, it is likely IONIC
    • If the formula starts with H and is not either water or hydrogen peroxide, the compound is likely an ACID. Which kind?
      • BINARY ACIDS contain only two elements
  • OXYACIDS contains oxygen
  • If the formula contains only nonmetals (and is not an ammonium compound or an acid), the compound is likely MOLECULAR

Examples: BINARY MOLECULAR Name: phosphorus trichloride

IONIC (ammonium ion) Name: ammonium chloride

OXYACID (hydrogen, phosphate) Name: phosphoric acid

IONIC (starts with a metal) Name: iron(II) hydroxide