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A comprehensive set of questions and answers covering key concepts from chapters 1-5 of a sociology textbook. It covers foundational sociological theories, including functionalism, conflict theory, and interactionism, as well as important concepts like culture, socialization, and social roles. A valuable resource for students preparing for an introductory sociology exam.
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sociology - ANSWERSscientific study of social behavior and human groups ex: social life, community, society sociological imagination - ANSWERSC. Wright Mills an awareness of the relationship between an individual and wider society Auguste Comet - ANSWERSinvestigation of behavior coined term "sociology" Emile Durkheim - ANSWERSbehavior must be understood within larger social context Anomie Anomie - ANSWERSloss of direction felt in society when social control of individual behavior becomes ineffective ex: Purge Max Weber - ANSWERSVerstehen and Ideal type Verstehen - ANSWERSempathy Ideal Type - ANSWERSConstruct perfection Karl Marx - ANSWERSThe Communist Manifesto The Communist Manifesto - ANSWERSworking class should overthrow existing system Double conciousness - ANSWERSdivision of individual's identity into 2 or more social realities
Charles Horton Cooley - ANSWERSused sociological perspective to examine face-to- face groups mirror = eyes of society Pierre Bourdieu - ANSWERSCultural capitol and social capitol Cultural capitol - ANSWERSnon-ecomomic goods reflected in knowledge of language and arts Social capitol - ANSWERScollective benefit of social network ex: friends Functionalist Perspective - ANSWERSHarmony and stability Manifest functions - ANSWERSopen, stated, conscious functions intended and recognized consequences of an aspect of society Latent functions - ANSWERSunconscious or unintended functions may reflect hidden purpose Dysfunctions - ANSWERSElements or processes of society that may disrupt a social system or reduce its stability EX: MLK, racial equality and civil rights movement is a positive example Conflict Perspective - ANSWERSassumes social behavior best understood in terms of conflict of tension between competing groups EX: Have v. Have Nots Interactionist Perspective - ANSWERSVerbal and non verbal Non-verbal communication - ANSWERSgestures, facial expressions, and postures Erving Goffman - ANSWERSDramaturgical approach dramaturgical approach - ANSWERSactors (society) costume, makeup Culture - ANSWERStotality of learned, socially transmitted coutoms, knowledge, material objects, and behavior "American Dream" Culture Industry - ANSWERSforce that standardizes the goods and services demanded by consumers Ethnocentrism - ANSWERStendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represents the norm or is superior to others
MEAD's Stages of the self - ANSWERSPreparatory stage, play stage, and game stage Preparatory stage - ANSWERSimitate Play stage - ANSWERScommunicating through symbols and role taking Game Stage - ANSWERSactual tasks and relationships simultaneously Significant others - ANSWERSindividuals most important in the development of the self Impression management - ANSWERSactors and costumes dramaturigical approach Gender Roles - ANSWERSexpectations regarding proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of male and females. Anticipatory socialization - ANSWERSPerson "rehearses" future occupations and social relationships Resocialization - ANSWERSDiscarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones during transition in one's life Total institution - ANSWERSRegulates all aspects kf a persons life under a single authority Degradation ceremony - ANSWERSRitual where individuals become secondary and rather invisible in overbearing social enviornment Status - ANSWERSSocially defined posiyions within a larger gorup or society (Person can hold more than one status at a time) Ascribbed status - ANSWERSStatus one is born with Achieved Status - ANSWERSStatus one earns Master status - ANSWERSStatus that dominates other status Social role - ANSWERSSet of expectations for people who occupy a goven status Role conflict - ANSWERS2 or more social positions held by one person Role strain - ANSWERSDifficulties that arise when same social position impose conflicting demands and expectations Groups - ANSWERSAny # of people who interact on a regular basis
Social networks - ANSWERSSeries of social relationships that links a perso. Directly to others and through them indirectly to still more people Gemeinschaft - ANSWERSSmall community in which people have similar backgrounds and life experiences (mining town) Gesellschaft - ANSWERSLarge community in which people are strangers and feel little in common with other community residents