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Sociology 101 (Exam 1) Complete Study
Guide / Actual Exam Questions and
Correct Answers (Verified, Detailed
Answers) A Grade.
_____________Quiz____________? C. Wright Mills - Answer✓✓ coined the term "The sociological imagination" and allows us to comprehend the change happening around us. _____________Quiz____________? Sociological Imagination - Answer✓✓ Ability to see the connection between the larger world and our personal lives (C. Wright Mills) _____________Quiz____________? Auguste Comte (1798-1857) - Answer✓✓ "Father of Sociology" - invented what he called "social physics" to understand the world. We could determine what is right and wrong without reference to higher powers or other religious concepts.
_____________Quiz____________? Social Institution - Answer✓✓ Any institution in a society that works to shape the behavior of the groups of people within it _____________Quiz____________? Theoretical Stage - Answer✓✓ Society seemed to be the result of divine will "It was God's plan _____________Quiz____________? Metaphysical Stage - Answer✓✓ human behavior governed by natural, biological instincts _____________Quiz____________? Scientific Stage - Answer✓✓ develop a social physics to understand human behavior _____________Quiz____________?
Anomie - Answer✓✓ too little social regulation; normlessness _____________Quiz____________? Georg Simmel - Answer✓✓ Established a sociology of numbers, how people conduct themselves differently depending how many people are involved _____________Quiz____________? Sociology "cousins" - Answer✓✓ Psychology, anthropology, History, political science _____________Quiz____________? Symbolic Interactionism - Answer✓✓ A micro-level theory in which shared means and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people's actions _____________Quiz____________? Quantitative Methods -
Answer✓✓ uses statistical analysis to examine numerical data (data that can be converted to numerical form) _____________Quiz____________? Qualitative methods - Answer✓✓ methods that attempt to collect information about the social world that cannot be readily converted to numeric form. _____________Quiz____________? Sociology - Answer✓✓ The study of human society. The general goal of sociology is to allow us to see how our individual lives are intimately related to the social forces that exist beyond us _____________Quiz____________? Deductive approach - Answer✓✓ a research approach that starts with a theory, forms a hypothesis, makes empirical observations, and then analyzes the data to confirm, reject, or modify the original theory _____________Quiz____________?
The outcome you are trying to explain _____________Quiz____________? Independent Variable - Answer✓✓ Measures a variable that, if changed, you predict will be associated with changes in the dependent variable. _____________Quiz____________? Hypothesis - Answer✓✓ a proposed relationship between two variables _____________Quiz____________? Operationalization - Answer✓✓ the process of assigning a precise method for measuring a term being examined for use in a particular study. _____________Quiz____________? Validity - Answer✓✓ the extent to which an instrument measures what it is intended to measure
_____________Quiz____________? Reliability - Answer✓✓ likelihood of obtaining consistent results using the same measure _____________Quiz____________? Generalizability - Answer✓✓ the extent to which we can claim our findings inform us about a group larger than the one we studied _____________Quiz____________? Reflexivity - Answer✓✓ analyzing and critically considering our own role in, and affect onm our research. _____________Quiz____________? Historical methods - Answer✓✓ research that collects data from written reports, newspaper articles, journals, transcripts, television programs, diaries, artwork, and other artifacts that date to a prior time period under study
- do not harm - don't harm the subjects
- Informed consent - they have the right to know what you're doing
- Voluntary participation - They can choose whether to leave or not
- Protected Populations - additional approval for those at higher risk _____________Quiz____________? Culture - Answer✓✓
- a set of beliefs, traditions, and practices
- culture is anything artificial _____________Quiz____________? nonmaterial culture - Answer✓✓ values, beliefs, behaviors, and social norms _____________Quiz____________? norms - Answer✓✓ expected behaviors _____________Quiz____________? values -
Answer✓✓ moral beliefs _____________Quiz____________? material culture - Answer✓✓ everything that is part of our constructed physical environment including technology ex) fashion, modern furniture, food, music, homes, cars _____________Quiz____________? Ethnocentrism - Answer✓✓ the inability to accept, reference, or understand patterns of behavior or beliefs that are different from one's own ex) It was used to justify slavery and violence _____________Quiz____________? Ideology - Answer✓✓ a system of concepts and relationships, an understanding of cause and effect
Answer✓✓ the idea that culture is a projection of social structures and relationships into the public sphere, a screen onto which the film of underlying reality or social structures of our society is projected. _____________Quiz____________? Media - Answer✓✓ formats or vehicles that carry, present, or communicate information _____________Quiz____________? Hegemony - Answer✓✓ a condition by which a dominant group uses its power to elicit the voluntary "consent" of the masses. (ex: wealthy over the poor, gov't funding) _____________Quiz____________? Agents of Socialization - Answer✓✓ Family - for most, family is primary School - not just reading and writing, but also etiquette Peers - can reinforce messages taught at home, but can also introduce entirely new information Media - shapes how we see ourselves in this world
Adulthood - work, marriage, economics _____________Quiz____________? ascribed status - Answer✓✓ race, age, sex (what you're born with) _____________Quiz____________? Achieved status - Answer✓✓ Examples: Doctor, homeowner, married/single, drug dealer, parents, student _____________Quiz____________? Master status - Answer✓✓ status that stands out above all others Examples: Disabled, Serial Killer, President of the US _____________Quiz____________? Generalized Other - Answer✓✓
status - Answer✓✓ a recognizable social position that an individual occupies _____________Quiz____________? role - Answer✓✓ the duties and behaviors expected of someone who holds a particular status _____________Quiz____________? role strain - Answer✓✓ the incompatibility among roles corresponding to a single status _____________Quiz____________? role conflict - Answer✓✓ the tension caused by competing demands between two or more roles pertaining to different statuses _____________Quiz____________? Ethnomethodology - Answer✓✓
literally "the methods of the people" this approach to studying human interaction focuses on the ways in which we make sense of our world _____________Quiz____________? Dyad - Answer✓✓ a group of two - the existence of the group depends on both parties and there is no third party to mediate or buffer the situation _____________Quiz____________? Triad - Answer✓✓ a group of three or more - the group is not dependent on anyone _____________Quiz____________? mediator - Answer✓✓ a person in the group that tries to resolve conflict between the 2 others in the group, and is sometimes specifically brought in for that purpose _____________Quiz____________? Tertius gaudens - Answer✓✓
a group characterized by the presence of a formal structure that mediates interaction and, consequently, status differentiation _____________Quiz____________? primary groups - Answer✓✓ social groups, such as family or friends, composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved. _____________Quiz____________? secondary groups - Answer✓✓ groups marked by impersonal, instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end) _____________Quiz____________? In-group - Answer✓✓ another term for powerful group, most often the the majority _____________Quiz____________? out-group - Answer✓✓ another term for the stigmatized or less powerful group, the minority
_____________Quiz____________? reference group - Answer✓✓ a group that helps us understand or make sense of our position in society relative to other groups _____________Quiz____________? social network - Answer✓✓ a set of relations-essentially, a set of dyads- held together by ties between individuals _____________Quiz____________? Tie - Answer✓✓ a set of stories that explains our relationship to the other members of our network _____________Quiz____________? Embeddedness - Answer✓✓ the degree to which ties re reinforced through indirect paths within a social network _____________Quiz____________?
