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Social Psychology - MCQ, Exercises of Social Psychology

Waldorf UniversitySocial Psychology

Unit wise multiple choice questions with correct answer.

Typology: Exercises

2021/2022

Uploaded on 02/24/2022

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Social Psychology - MCQ
Unit 1 : Stereotype, Prejudice, discrimination
1. Social categorization exaggerates:
1. Within-category differences
2. Between-category differences
3. Between-category similarities
4. Both A and C
2. What defines a person’s social identity?
1. The individual
2. Society
3. The current social context
4. All of the above
3. Does discriminating against an outgroup member lead to elevated self-esteem?
1. Yes, it elevates both trait and state self-esteem
2. Yes, but only trait self-esteem
3. Yes, but only state self-esteem
4. No
4. What determines which social category will be salient in a given social context?
1. Metacontrast ratio
2. Normative fit
3. Optimal distinctiveness
4. All of the above
5. When is ingroup favoritism especially likely to occur?
1. On dimensions favoring the ingroup
2. Under conflict
3. During periods of social breakdown
4. All of the above
6. Men and women identify with their respective genders, which causes them to show a
divide in their Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), which causes them to show differences
in amount of political power. This account is supported by:
1. Social identity theory
2. Self-categorization theory
3. Social Dominance Theory
4. System Justification Theory
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Social Psychology - MCQ

Unit 1 : Stereotype, Prejudice, discrimination

  1. Social categorization exaggerates:
    1. Within-category differences 2. Between-category differences
    2. Between-category similarities
    3. Both A and C
  2. What defines a person’s social identity?
    1. The individual
    2. Society
    3. The current social context 4. All of the above
  3. Does discriminating against an outgroup member lead to elevated self-esteem?
    1. Yes, it elevates both trait and state self-esteem
    2. Yes, but only trait self-esteem 3. Yes, but only state self-esteem
    3. No
  4. What determines which social category will be salient in a given social context?
    1. Metacontrast ratio
    2. Normative fit
    3. Optimal distinctiveness 4. All of the above
  5. When is ingroup favoritism especially likely to occur?
    1. On dimensions favoring the ingroup
    2. Under conflict
    3. During periods of social breakdown 4. All of the above
  6. Men and women identify with their respective genders, which causes them to show a divide in their Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), which causes them to show differences in amount of political power. This account is supported by: 1. Social identity theory
    1. Self-categorization theory
    2. Social Dominance Theory
    3. System Justification Theory

  1. Presenting people with a multiculturalist perspective might lead them:

  2. To be more accurate about group differences

  3. To show stronger stereotypes

  4. To show weaker stereotypes 4. Both A and B

  5. “Aversive racism” suggests that people discriminate against racial outgroups when:

  6. They can attribute others’ behavior to racism 2. They can attribute their behavior to non-racism

  7. They can attribute an outgroup member’s actions to their situation

  8. They notice there is very little ambiguity

  9. During an interracial interaction, for whom is executive control depleted?

  10. Whites

  11. Blacks 3. Both

  12. Neither

  13. What is a typical result in an interaction, after a person has proven their “moral credentials?”

  14. They are more likely to control their prejudiced thoughts 2. They are more likely to express their prejudices

  15. Neither

  16. It depends

  17. Which of the following tends to be a stronger predictor of intergroup discrimination?

  18. Stereotyping 2. Emotional prejudice

  19. Attitudes

  20. Behavior

  21. Which emotion makes people stereotype relatively more? 1. Anger

  22. Sadness

  23. Both

  24. Neither

  25. In studies of intergroup emotions theory (IET), which traits do people respond more quickly to?

  26. Traits that match their self-concept but not necessarily their ingroup concept

  27. Traits that match their ingroup concept but not necessarily their self-concept 3. Traits that match their self-concept and their ingroup concept

  28. None of the above

  1. Exactly the same as
  2. Why does intergroup contact not tend to reduce sexism?
  3. Men and women are already in contact
  4. Men and women need each other 3. Men and women are not often of equal status
  5. All of the above
  6. Ambivalent sexism predicts:
  7. Positive stereotypes of nontraditional women and negative stereotypes about traditional women 2. Positive stereotypes of traditional women and negative stereotypes about nontraditional women
  8. Either A or B
  9. Neither A nor B
  10. Older people tend to be viewed with:
  11. Pity
  12. Sympathy
  13. Condescension 4. All of the above
  14. How does prejudice against gay men and lesbians differ from other prejudices?
  15. Targets control category visibility
  16. Relatively more widespread
  17. Biological determinism is linked to tolerance 4. All of the above
  18. Imagine a person holds a very strong, emotional antipathy towards members of a different social group. This person really hates these outgroup members. This is best classified as an example of which of the following?
  19. Discrimination 2. Prejudice
  20. Stereotyping
  21. All of the above
  22. _______is negative emotional responses or dislike toward members of a group membership 1. Prejudice
  23. Stereotype
  24. Discrimination
  25. Differential attitude

27 .________is differential treatment based on group membership including age, sexual orientation, race, religion etc.

  1. Prejudice
  2. Stereotype 3. Discrimination
  3. Differential attitude
  4. ________perceived by its perpetrators or victims as legitimate and justified
  5. Differential attitude
  6. Stereotype
  7. Discrimination 4. Prejudice 29 .__________are beliefs about what members of group are like
    1. Outgroup 2. Stereotype
    2. Discrimination
    3. Prejudice
  8. Prospect theory argues that people are risk averse & they weigh possible losses ______than potential gains 1. More heavily
  9. Less heavily
  10. More strictly
  11. Less strictly 31 .____________are beliefs about the different attributes that male and female possesses consist of both positive and negative traits
  12. Male stereotype
  13. Gender equity 3. Gender stereotype
  14. Social stereotype
  15. Generally y negative stereotype on women being _____on warmth and ____on competence
  16. Low, high 2. High, low
  17. Average, low
  18. very low and very high
  19. Women are mostly likely to be appointed to valued leadership position when a crisis has occurred, the leadership position is more precarious and there is greater risk of failure referred as _______.
  20. Glass ceiling effect 2. Glass Cliff effect
  21. Leadership effect
  22. Leadership failure

Unit 2: social influence:

  1. Which form of social influence discussed in Chapter 8 does not necessarily involve an interacting group?
  2. group polarization
  3. groupthink
  4. minority influence 4. social facilitation
  5. The definition of a group given in the text and provided by Marvin Shaw states that a group consists of
  6. any collection of individuals 2. two or more people who interact and influence one another
  7. two or more people who share similar values
  8. a collection of individuals that is cohesive
  9. Early experiments found that the presence of others improved people's efficiency at
  10. learning nonsense syllables 2. crossing out designated letters
  11. performing complex multiplication problems
  12. learning foreign language words
  13. James Michaels and his colleagues found that in the presence of observers, 1. good pool players shot better and poor pool players shot worse
  14. students playing checkers and chess played worse
  15. good pool players shot worse and poor pool players shot better
  16. students playing checkers played better and students playing chess played worse
  17. Studies of the effect of other people on athletic performance have shown that
  18. college basketball players become slightly more accurate when highly aroused by a packed fieldhouse
  19. the drives of professional golfers are shorter when an audience is present
  20. home teams in baseball's World Series have won 60 percent of the final games 4. in college and professional sports, home teams win about 6 in 10 games
  21. In a study of university students in India, researchers found that crowding hampered performance only on _______________ tasks.
  22. verbal
  23. motor
  24. simple 4. complex

  1. Research indicates that people perform best when their coactor is

  2. not watching them 2. slightly superior

  3. of the opposite sex

  4. highly competitive

  5. Social facilitation and social loafing have been explained in terms of difference in 1. evaluation concern

  6. informational influence

  7. cognitive dissonance

  8. group polarization

  9. Which process helps explain both social loafing and deindividuation?

  10. self-censorship

  11. minority influence 3. diffusion of responsibility

  12. group polarization

  13. Research indicates that being in a crowd _________ positive reactions and _________ negative reactions. a. intensifies; intensifies b. weakens; intensifies c. intensifies; weakens d. weakens; weakens

  14. Which of the following is false? a. groups of friends loaf less than groups of strangers b. Israel's communal kibbutz farms have outproduced Israel's noncollective farms c. research completed in Japan, Thailand, and India indicates that social loafing does not occur in less individualistic, more group-centered cultures d. students pumped exercise bikes more energetically when they knew they were being individually monitored than when they thought their output was being pooled with that of other riders

  15. Experiments show that people in groups loaf less when a. the task is challenging b. they are in an unfamiliar setting c. they have a strong sense of external control d. the task is routine

d. the individuals who were relatively unprejudiced became more prejudiced and the individuals who were relatively prejudiced became less prejudiced

  1. According to the text, which of the following provides the best supported explanation for group polarization? a. social comparison theory b. informational influence c. diffusion of responsibility d. cognitive dissonance theory
  2. Overestimating a group's might and right is most clearly reflected in which of the following symptoms of groupthink? a. self-censorship b. rationalization c. an illusion of invulnerability d. conformity pressures
  3. An analysis of terrorist organizations around the world suggests that the extremist activities of these groups may be understood in terms of the process of a. social loafing b. social facilitation c. minority influence d. group polarization
  4. Frank and Gilovich's laboratory research suggested that putting on a black uniform can produce a. social loafing b. groupthink c. aggression d. evaluation apprehension
  5. Patrick Laughlin reported that if only two members of a six-person group are initially correct in solving an analogy problem, they a. rarely convince the others b. convince the others one-third of the time c. convince the others two-thirds of the time d. always convince the others
  6. A directive leader is a contributing cause of a. deindividuation b. responsibility diffusion c. groupthink d. the risky shift
  1. Research suggests that minorities are less persuasive regarding ___________ than regarding ______________. a. fact; attitude b. attitude; fact c. principle; practice d. practice; principle
  2. Which of the following is not a symptom of groupthink? a. unquestioned belief in the group's morality b. rationalization c. conformity pressure d. social loafing .
  3. Moscovici and his associates found that if a minority judges blue slides to be green, a. it has no effect on the judgments of the majority b. members of the majority will occasionally agree but only if the minority is consistent c. members of the majority demonstrate reactance by judging green slides to be blue d. female but not male members of the majority will occasionally agree
  4. Groupthink occurs when group members desire a. control b. harmony c. power d. freedom
  5. Research indicates that a minority member who ______________________ is persuasive. a. wavers b. has defected from the majority c. tends to be introverted d. appears impatient
  6. Studies done in India, Taiwan, and Iran found that the most effective supervisors in coal mines, banks, and government offices scored a. high on both task and social leadership b. high on task and low on social leadership c. high on either task or social leadership but not high on both d. low on task and high on social leadership
  1. Social loafing would be least likely to occur a. in a boys' club trying to raise money by holding a Saturday car wash b. in a relay race where each team member's performance is timed c. in a community garden where each family is expected to contribute whatever free time they have d. in a work crew building a new highway
  2. Individuals who tend to favor stiff penalties for drunk drivers come together to discuss various ways of dealing with the problem of intoxicated drivers. The group polarization hypothesis predicts that after group discussion, a. the individuals will favor even more severe penalties for drunk drivers b. the individuals will tend to become more tolerant of drunk drivers c. the individuals will be divided into two opposing groups as to the best way to deal with drunk drivers d. the individuals will favor a rehabilitation program rather than a jail sentence for drunk drivers
  3. Which of the following is a comment you are least likely to hear made within a group characterized by groupthink? a. Our critics are not very smart. b. Our past decisions have always been right. c. Let's make the decision and get out of here. I've got more important things to do. d. It seems to me we are all in agreement on this, so let's proceed. 4 1 Many ways by which people produce changes in other in their behaviour , attitudes, or beliefs called as _________ a) Social influence b) Social conformity c) Social compliance d) Social cognition 4 2. Most people behave in accordance with social norms most of the time such tendencies called as ______ a) Social influence b) Conformity c) Compliance d) Obedience 4 3. __________is the degree of attraction felt by an individual toward some group and want to belong to it. a) Cohesiveness b) Liking

c) Love d) Social influence 4 4. Conformity is first systematically studied by the researcher______ a) Albert Ellis b) Solomon Asch c) Carl Roger d) Alfred Adler 4 5._________means refusing to go along with group, include status within a group, power and desire to be unique. a) Conformity b) nonconformity c) Determination d) Non compliance 4 6. _________Behaviour is in which individuals match their action to those of others a) Asynchronous b) Matching c) Symptomatic d) Synchronous 4 7.______are ones that simply describe what most people do in a given situation. a) Descriptive norms b) Non descriptive norms c) Injunctive norms d) Non injunctive norms 4 8.________are ones that specify how people ought to behave i.e. approved or disapprove behaviour in a given situation. a) four a) Descriptive norms b) Non descriptive norms c) Injunctive norms d) Non injunctive norms 4 9.__________is a tactic of getting others to say “yes” to you requests a) Social influence b) Conformity c) Compliance d) Social cognition 5 0.________ technique involves presenting target people with small request and then following up with a larger request – the one desired all along a) Low ball b) Foot in the door c) Door in the face d) Door in the foot

Unit 3 : prosocial behaviour

  1. According to the text, the classic illustration of altruism is provided by a. the Kitty Genovese case b. the parable of the Good Samaritan c. the parable of the Prodigal Son d. a person donating blood
  2. Social economics is a term most closely associated with a. social norms theory b. evolutionary psychology c. social-exchange theory d. the decision tree
  3. According to social-exchange theory we will help when a. the benefits are external and the costs are internal b. the benefits are greater than the costs c. the benefits and costs are proportional d. the benefits are smaller than the costs
  4. According to Daniel Batson, genuine altruism may have its basis in feelings of a. happiness b. sadness c. guilt d. empathy
  5. The misinterpretations of emotional states involved in the bystander effect are fed by a. an illusion of transparency b. an illusion of control c. illusory correlation d. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon
  6. The social-responsibility norm is an expectation that people will a. help those dependent on them b. help those who have helped them c. assume responsibility for helping their parents d. assume responsibility for correcting past mistakes
  1. According to sociologist Alvin Gouldner, a universal moral code is a. a norm of reciprocity b. a norm of social responsibility c. kin selection d. a norm of restitution
  2. The reciprocity norm applies most strongly to our interactions with our a. superiors b. inferiors c. equals d. none of the above--the norm's application is totally independent of others' relative social status
  3. According to the text, one possible reason why people in big cities are less helpful is that a. they have not internalized the norm of social responsibility b. they are busier than those living in small towns c. they have a greater number of selfish genes d. reciprocity does not work as well in big cities as it does in small, isolated groups
  4. A Gallup poll found that being "highly spiritually committed" was ______________________ with helping the poor and elderly. a. negatively correlated b. uncorrelated c. positively correlated d. positively correlated for women and negatively correlated for men
  5. Since we are born selfish, evolutionary psychologists propose that we attempt to a. develop a drug that will encourage altruism b. develop an "altruistic gene" c. teach altruism d. live only in small, isolated communities
  6. According to the text, which theory of altruism proposes two types of altruism: a tit-for- tat reciprocal exchange, and a more unconditional helpfulness? a. social norms theory b. evolutionary psychology c. social-exchange theory d. all of the above
  1. According to the text, people in a hurry may be less willing to help because a. they have weighed the costs of helping and have decided they are too high b. they never fully grasp the situation as one requiring their assistance c. they tend to be selfish and primarily concerned with meeting their own needs d. they tend to be in a negative mood state and therefore are less likely to help
  2. Researchers who have investigated the relationship between empathy and altruism a. agree that empathy leads to genuine altruism b. agree that empathy leads to helping that is egoistically motivated c. agree that empathy leads to pure altruism in females but not in males d. debate whether empathy leads to pure altruism
  3. Which of the following negative moods is most likely to motivate altruism? a. depression b. anger c. guilt d. grief
  4. Research suggests that we are especially likely to help when a. we are happy b. others are present and are doing nothing c. the potential recipient of our help is of the opposite sex d. the potential recipient of our help is of a different nationality
  5. In comparison to low self-monitors, high self-monitors are especially helpful if a. they are led to think that helpfulness will be socially rewarded b. the social-responsibility norm is salient c. they are exposed to altruistic models d. they experience empathy
  6. Batson found that those who attributed their helpful act to compliance rather than compassion a. subsequently volunteered less time to a service agency b. demonstrated reactance and ended up feeling more empathy for the person they helped c. felt guilty and responded more positively to a new request for help d. were subsequently more aware of the reciprocity norm
  7. Rewards and costs are to ________________ as gene survival is to __________. a. social-exchange theory; social norms theory b. sociobiology; social norms theory c. social norms theory; evolutionary psychology

d. social-exchange theory; evolutionary psychology

  1. Research has indicated that when students have been informed through a lecture of how bystanders can affect one's reactions to an emergency, the a. students are subsequently more likely to help someone in need b. students' willingness to help is unchanged for they refuse to believe they can be influenced by other people c. students' willingness to help is increased for a few hours following the lecture but for no longer d. students' willingness to help actually decreases due to psychological reactance.
  2. Research suggests that those who are high in ____________ are more likely to be helpful. a. authoritarianism b. self-efficacy c. extroversion d. achievement motivation
  3. Research indicates that compared to adults, young children are a. more likely to help b. less likely to help when they are busy c. less likely to help when they are sad d. less likely to help when they are watching television
  4. What does research indicate regarding the role of gender difference in predicting helping? a. gender is unrelated to helping b. males are more helpful than females c. females are more helpful than males d. gender difference interacts with the situation
  5. According to the text, the door-in-the-face technique works to promote altruism because people are a. provided a helpful model to imitate b. in a happy mood c. concerned about their self-image d. distracted from self-concern
  6. When a solicitor for a charitable cause added the phrase, "Even a penny will help" to the request for a donation, a. the total number of contributors increased but the average amount of each contribution decreased b. both the number of contributors and the average amount of each contribution decreased c. both the number of contributors and the average amount of each contribution increased