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Social Psych Final| 110 Questions|
With Complete Solutions
what are the four types of helping correct answer: casual, substantial, emotional, emergency helping what type of helping are women more likely to do correct answer: substantial and emotional what type of helping are men more likely to do correct answer: emergency what type of helping do men and women do correct answer: casual helping any act performed with the good of benefiting another person correct answer: prosocial behavior any act that benefits another person but does not benefit the helper and often involves some personal cost to the helper correct answer: altruism what are the two parts of the evolutionary theory of helping correct answer: darwins dilemma and kin selection what is darwins dilemma correct answer: if an organism acts altruistically, it may decrease its own likelihood of passing on its genes
what is kin selection correct answer: behaviors that help a genetic relative are favored by natural selection does altruism exist in the evolutionary theory correct answer: no people help when rewards of helping outweigh costs correct answer: social exchange theory does altruism exist according to the social exchang theory correct answer: no the ability to put oneself in the shoes of another person and to experience events and emotions the way that person experiences them correct answer: empathy what is the empathy altruism hypothesis correct answer: -when we feel empathy, we help for altruistic reasons
- when we don't feel empathy, we help for social exchange reasons what are some reasons people help more than others correct answer: gender and group identity how do women help others correct answer: in nurturing ways who do women typically help correct answer: people they already know who do men usually help correct answer: strangers
sense of responsibility to help decreases as the number of witnesses increases correct answer: diffusion of responsibility what does diffusion of responsibility cause correct answer: bystander effect the greater the number of bystanders who witnesses an emergency, the less likely any one of them is to help correct answer: bystander effect what type of social influence is pluralistic ignorance correct answer: informational what is the obstacle in step 5 of helping correct answer: cost behavior intended to injure another who is motivated to avoid it correct answer: aggression is aggression and assertiveness the same thing correct answer: no behavior intended to express dominance or confidence correct answer: assertiveness what are the two type of agression correct answer: hostile and instrumental aggressive act stemming from feelings of anger correct answer: hostile aggression
what is the aim of hostile aggression correct answer: to inflict pain or injury aggressive act involving hurting another to accomplish another correct answer: instrumental aggression aggression helps up to propagate our genetic code correct answer: evolutionary argument according to the evolutionary argument why do men aggress correct answer: establish dominance in a group, ensure paternity according to the evolutionary argument, why do women aggress correct answer: ensure the survival of their children culture determines how, when, and if we display aggression correct answer: cultural explanations of aggression what is a culture of honor correct answer: in south and southwest lots of emphasis on manliness how is aggressive behavior learned correct answer: direct rewards and observations of others Why does violent media increase aggression correct answer: imitation, weakens inhibitions, numbing, priming, dangerous world so if there is a causal link between violent media and aggression, why don't all consumers turn into killers correct answer: there is a spectrum of aggressive behaviors
what causes bias to be revealed in more subtle, indirect ways correct answer: social norms against racism like other controlled processes, need both _______ and ______ to control bias correct answer: motivation and ability if you don't have motivation and ability, automatic stereotypes will determine correct answer: behaviors shared knowledge about the characteristics associated with a group correct answer: stereotype my own personal endorsement of what I believe is true about a group correct answer: personal belief what type of processing activates stereotypes correct answer: automatic what type of processing: decision to accept the stereotype or not, based on personal belief (motivation) and ability correct answer: controlled what are the ABCs of bias correct answer: affect, behavior, cognition what does the A of bias correlate to correct answer: prejudice what does the B of bias correlate to correct answer: discrimination what does the C of bias correlate to correct answer: stereotype
ABCs of bias: how you feel correct answer: affect or prejudice ABCs of bias: what you do correct answer: behavior or discrimination ABCs of bias: what you think or your beliefs correct answer: cognition or stereotype generalized beliefs about members of a group correct answer: stereotypes stereotypes can be _______ or _________ correct answer: positive or negative positive stereotypes are just as _______ as negative stereotypes correct answer: harmful what are the two types of sexism correct answer: hostile sexism and benevolent sexism are hostile sexism stereotypes positive or negative correct answer: negative if someone is high in hostile sexism they are more likely to correct answer: commit rape are benevolent sexism stereotype positive or negative correct answer: positive
others based on their identities correct answer: microinvalidations interactions that convey rudeness, insensitivity, or demeaning attitudes toward a person's identities correct answer: microinsults what is an example of a microinvalidation correct answer: "wow your english is so good" "Where are you really from" what is an example of a microinsult correct answer: asking a person of color how they got their job a false impression that two variable are related correct answer: illusory correlation why is the co-occurence of two distinctive events particularly noticeable correct answer: we are sensitive to distinctive events illusory correlation causes us to ______________ these events which results in _________ correct answer: overestimate, stereotyping bias is the inevitable byproduct of categorization correct answer: social identity theory limited resources lead to conflict among groups correct answer: realistic conflict theory
what does the realistic conflict theory lead to correct answer: prejudice and discrimination stigmatized group members do not know the cause of their experiences correct answer: attribution ambiguity when does attribution ambiguity occur correct answer: positive and negative experiences worries about confirming a negative stereotype about one's group correct answer: stereotype threat stereotype threat causes increased or decreased performance in the stereotypes domain, regardless of ability correct answer: decreased due to _____, many stigmatized groups have concerns with "belonging" in different institutions like school or work correct answer: bias what can social identity concerns or a lack of belonging lead to correct answer: disengagement the avoidance of talking about race in an effort to avoid the appearance of bias correct answer: strategic colorblindness belief that prejudice is the result of ignorance/lack of contact between groups correct answer: contact hypothesis what are the 6 necessary condition for positive contact correct answer: 1. mutual interdependence
