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Chapter 8 Professor Darren Jorge Name of Student : Dr Harrieswaran N
Interpersonal Attraction.
Needs for Affiliation the basic motive to seek and maintain interpersonal relationships
Loneliness a sometimes long lasting feeling of having no alternative to turn to in times of distress and depression. Generally classed as a period of heightened cognitive discomfort and uneasiness from being oneself. There are a variety of psychological explanations for perceived loneliness, some disagreeing on the essence of the condition.
Social Rejection occurs when an individual is deliberately excluded from a social relationship or social interaction
Proximity the physical closeness between two individuals with respect to where they live
Physical Attractiveness the combination of characteristics that are evaluated as beautiful or handsome at the positive extreme and as unattractive as the negative extreme
Repeated Exposure Effect the frequent contact with any negative, neutral, or positive stimulus results in an increasingly positive evaluation of that stimulus
Similarity-Dissimilarity Effect the consistent finding that people respond positively to indications that another person is similar to themselves and negatively to indications that another person is dissimilar to themselves
Attitude Similarity the extent to which two individuals share the same attitude
Proportion of Similarity the number of specific indicators that two people are similar divided by the number of specific indicators that two people are similar plus the number of specific indicators that they are dissimilar
Matching Hypothesis the idea that although we would prefer to obtain extremely attractive partners, we generally focus on obtaining ones whose physical beauty is about the same as our own
Repulsion Hypothesis attraction is not increased by similar attitudes but is simply decreased by dissimilar attitudes (this theory however was proved incorrect)
Social Comparison Theory people compare themselves to others because, for many domains and attributes, there is no objective yardstick with which to evaluate the self, so we compare ourselves to others to gain this information
Attachment Style The degree of security experienced in interpersonal relationships.
Balance Theory The formulations of Heider and of Newcomb that specify the relationships among. (1) an individual’s liking for another person, (2) his or her attitude about a given topic. (3) the other person’s attitude about the same topic. Balance (liking plus agreement) results in a positive emotional state.
Interpersonal trust An attitudinal dimension underlying attachment styles that involves the belief that other people are generally trustworthy, dependable, and reliable as opposed to the belief that others are generally untrustworthy, undependable, and unreliable. This is the most successful and desirable attachment style.
Secure Attachment Style A style characterized by high self esteem and high interpersonal trust. This is the most successful and most desirable attachment style.
Preoccupied Attachment Style A style characterized by low self esteem and high interpersonal trust.
Passion the sexual motives and sexual excitement associated with a couple’s relationship.
Decision/Commitment these are the cognitive processes involved in deciding that you love another person and are committed to maintain the relationship.
Consummate Love a complete and ideal love that combines intimacy, passion, and decision (commitment).
