Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
Various control theories in criminology lecture. Hirschi social bond theory is explained at slide 11
Typology: Slides
1 / 32
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
Think of a situation in which you were labeled as a “deviant.” How did the label make you feel? Did you embrace or reject the label? How is deviance more about how people respond to the person labeled as deviant? How is deviance a matter of “relativity”?
Any behavior, belief, or condition that violates social norms in the society or group in which it occurs: drinking too much robbing a bank laughing at a funeral
Issues of social inequality affect group experiences and overall treatment in the criminal justice system.
Practices that social groups develop to encourage conformity to norms, rules, and laws and to discourage deviance.
Deviance serves three functions:
Mode Method Conformity Accepts approved goals, pursues them through approved means. Innovation Accepts approved goals; uses disapproved means. Ritualism Abandons society’s goals; conforms to approved means.
Sociologists Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin (1960) suggested that for deviance to occur, people must have access to illegitimate opportunity structures: Circumstances that provide an opportunity for people to acquire through illegitimate activities what they cannot achieve through legitimate channels.
The probability of deviant behavior increases when a person’s ties to society are weakened or broken. According to Hirschi, social bonding consists of attachment to other people commitment to conformity involvement in conventional activities belief in the legitimacy of conventional norms.
Theory Key Elements Social control/ social bonding When ties to family and friends are weak, individuals are likely to engage in criminal behavior.
Theory Key element Differential association Deviant behavior is learned in interaction with others. Labeling theory Acts are deviant because they have been labeled as such.
States that people have a greater tendency to deviate from societal norms when they frequently associate with individuals who are more favorable toward deviance than conformity. From this approach, criminal behavior is learned within intimate personal groups such as one’s family and peer groups
Criminologist Ronald Akers (1998) combined differential association theory with elements of psychological learning theory to create differential reinforcement theory. If a person’s friends and groups define deviant behavior as “right,” they is more likely to engage in deviant behavior. If a person’s friends and groups define deviant behavior as “wrong,” the person is less likely to engage in that behavior.
If individuals accept a negative label, they are more likely to continue to participate in the type of behavior the label was initially meant to control. Secondary deviance occurs when a person who has been labeled a deviant accepts the identity and continues the deviant behavior. Tertiary deviance occurs when a person who has been labeled a deviant seeks to normalize the behavior by relabeling it as nondeviant.
Theory Key Elements Critical approach The powerful use the criminal justice system to protect their interests. Feminist approach Liberal - deviance arises from discrimination. Radical - focuses on patriarchy Socialist - focuses on capitalism and patriarchy
