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Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Protocols and Procedures: A Comprehensive Guide, Exams of Nursing

A detailed overview of standard operating procedures (sops) for emergency medical technicians (emts), covering essential medications, skills, and protocols. it includes formularies for various medications, outlining their classes, actions, dosages, routes of administration, contraindications, and adverse reactions. the document also details procedures such as cervical stabilization, hemorrhage control, and medication administration, offering key procedural considerations and contraindications for each. this resource is valuable for emt training and reference.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 05/03/2025

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SNHD Protocols Latest Version
Graded A+
SOP ✔✔Scope of practice
SOP.
Medications Emergency Medical Technicians (EMT's) can provide. ✔✔Acetylsalicylic Acid
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Activated Charcoal.
Bronchodilator Metered Dose Inhaler.
Epinephrine Auto-injector.
Glucose - oral.
Nitroglycerin.
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Download Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Protocols and Procedures: A Comprehensive Guide and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

SNHD Protocols Latest Version

Graded A+

SOP ✔✔Scope of practice

SOP.

Medications Emergency Medical Technicians (EMT's) can provide. ✔✔Acetylsalicylic Acid

(aspirin).

Activated Charcoal.

Bronchodilator Metered Dose Inhaler.

Epinephrine Auto-injector.

Glucose - oral.

Nitroglycerin.

SOP.

Skills Emergency Medical Technicians

(EMTs) can perform. ✔✔Airway adjunct - NPA.

Airway adjunct - OPA/NPA.

Airway suction.

Cervical stabilization.

CPR.

Defibrillation - AED.

Glucose measurement.

Medication administration.

Oxygen administration.

Action.

Platelet inhibition.

Dose.

Adult.

324 mg PO (81 mg tablets x 4).

Pediatric.

Not recommended for use.

Route.

PO. (chew and swallow)

Contraindications.

Allergy to aspirin.

Adverse reactions.

none.

Formulary.

Activated charcoal ✔✔Class.

Absorbent.

Action.

Inhibits gastrointestinal absorption of toxic substances.

Dose.

Adult.

50 gm PO

Pediatric.

1.0 gm/kg PO; dose 10 gm max. Dose 50 gm.

Formulary.

Activated charcoal.

Continued ✔✔Contraindications.

Inhalation.

Contraindications. Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Adverse reactions. tachycardia; palpitations; anxiousness; headache

EPINEPHRINE AUTO-INJECTOR ✔✔CLASS.

Sympathomimetic.

ACTION.

Bronchodilation; positive chronotrope; positive inotrope.

DOSE.

Adult.

Assist patient with his or her own Epinephrine auto-injector.

(Pediatric

same as adult)

ROUTE.

IM.

Formulary.

EPINEPHRINE AUTO-INJECTOR.

Continued ✔✔CONTRAINDICATIONS.

Underlying cardiovascular disease / angina; hypertension; pregnancy; patient over 40 years of age;

hyperthyroidism.

ADVERSE REACTIONS.

Palpitation due to tachycardia or ectopic beats may produce arrhythmia if cardiac disease present;

elevation of blood pressure; headache; anxiousness.

Formulary,

GLUCOSE ✔✔CLASS.

Carbohydrate.

NITROGLYCERIN.

Assist pt with own NTG as prescribed; may repeat x 3 ✔✔CLASS.

Vasodilator.

ACTION.

Dilates systemic arteries and veins; reduces both preload and afterload.

DOSE.

Adult.

See specific protocol.

(Pediatric

Same)

ROUTE.

Sublingual spray or tablet.

Formulary.

NITROGLYCERIN.

Assist pt with own NTG as prescribed; may repeat x 3.

Continued. ✔✔CONTRAINDICATIONS.

Hypotension (do not administer if systolic pressure below 100 mmHg unless ordered by a physician);

use of Viagra (Sildenafil) or similar medication within the past 24 hours or 48 hours for Tadalafil (Cialis);

patients with demonstrated hypersensitivity to nitrates or nitrites.

ADVERSE REACTIONS.

Hypotension.

PROCEDURES PROTOCOLS.

CERVICAL STABILIZATION

part 1 ✔✔Cervical stabilization is indicated in any patient who meets the indications (A-E)

below:

Indications:

This procedure may be performed on any patient with potential for spinal injury

based upon the following (NEXUS) criteria:

B. Injuries where placement of the collar might compromise patient

assessment, airway management, ventilation and/or hemorrhage control.

C. Patients in cardiac arrest.

PROCEDURES PROTOCOLS.

CERVICAL STABILIZATION.

Continued part 3 ✔✔Key procedural considerations:

A. If (A-E) above are ALL NEGATIVE, cervical stabilization is not required.

B. If required, cervical stabilization is the placement of an approved, properlysized

cervical collar before the patient is moved.

C. Backboards are only indicated for extrication and patient movement. Patients

are not to be transported on backboards (unless movement off the backboard

would delay immediate transport of patients with life-threatening injuries

or acute spinal injuries).

D. Tape, head straps, wedges, and head and/or neck support devices are not

recommended.

E. Patients found in motor vehicles should be asked if they are able to exit

the motor vehicle on their own. If so, they should be assisted to a soft

stretcher and secured for transport. Patients unable to exit the vehicle on

their own accord should be removed by the appropriate extrication method.

F. Once on the stretcher, the patient may be moved to a semi-Fowler's or

high-Fowler's position for comfort.

G. If a backboard is used for extrication or movement, the patient should be

immediately moved to a soft mattress, if possible.

H. In special situations, alternate stabilization devices (e.g. vacuum mattress,

KED, etc. may be used as indicated).

I. Pediatric patients may be stabilized in an approved car seat or with a

commercial pediatric stabilization device.

PROCEDURES PROTOCOLS.

HEMORRHAGE CONTROL TOURNIQUET ✔✔Indications:

This procedure may be performed on any patient that has bleeding from an

extremity than can not be controlled by direct pressure.

Contraindications: None

Right patient

Right dose

Right time

Right route

Right documentation

E. Dispose of syringe and other material in proper container

PROCEDURES PROTOCOLS.

TRACTION SPLINT ✔✔Indications:

This procedure may be performed on any patient with an isolated closed midshaft

femur fracture.

Contraindications:

A. Pelvic fracture or instability

B. Knee, lower leg, or ankle instability.

(Key procedural considerations:

A. Assess motor, sensory, and circulatory function in the involved extremity.

B. Apply traction splint per the manufacturer's guidelines.

C. Initiate mechanical traction to match manual traction.

D. Reassess motor, sensory, and circulatory function in the involved extremity.)

OPERATIONS PROTOCOLS.

CHRONIC PUBLIC INEBRIATE ✔✔1. A person who is suspected to be under the influence of

alcohol and has no other emergent medical need may be

transported to an approved alcohol and drug abuse facility rather than a hospital's emergency department IF the

patient meets ALL of the following criteria:

A. Patient is able to stand with minimal assistance of one or two people.

B. Vitals as follows:

  1. Blood pressure: Systolic 90 - 180

Diastolic 60 - 100

  1. Pulse rate: 60 - 120

. 3) Respiratory rate: 12 - 22

  1. Blood glucose between 50 - 250

  2. Glasgow Coma Score ≥

  3. O2 >94% or 90% if smoker

B. For any medical emergency in which the EMS provider's judgment suggests consultation with a telemetry

physician is necessary.

C. For all trauma patients going to a trauma center.

D. When telemetry contact is required per protocol.

  1. For patients who meet Trauma Field Triage Criteria, telemetry reports shall include:

A. Patient age

B. Gender

C. Mechanism of injury

D. Ambulatory at scene

E. Suspected injuries

F. Vital signs

G. Airway status

H. Neurologic status

I. ETA

J. An incident identifier if multiple patients are involved (e.g. fire department command code "Main Street

Command")

  1. For all other patients, telemetry reports shall include, at a minimum:

A. Attendant/vehicle identification

B. Nature of call: INFORMATION ONLY or REQUEST FOR PHYSICIAN ORDERS

C. Patient information (i.e. number, age, sex)

D. Patient condition (i.e. stable, full arrest)

E. History

  1. Basic problem or chief complaint

  2. Pertinent associated symptoms

  3. Time since onset

  4. Past history, if pertinent

F. Objective findings

  1. General status of patient

  2. Level of responsiveness

  3. Vital signs

  4. Pertinent localized findings

  5. Working impression of patient's problem

G. Treatment

  1. In progress

  2. Requests for drugs or procedures