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- Vascular
- Gastrointestinal
- Starts (^) with The (^) Stomach - (^) Small Intestine - Colon
t
Contraction which
forces The food TO
go (^) through Intestine ( (^) Paristalisis)
Smooth (^) Muscle Is (^) located in (^) the
Urinary System
Located In The. Ureters
- Bladder . Respiratory (^) System
- Bronchi (^) ; - Causes (^) Bronchial Constriction . Reproductive (^) System
- Uterus
. Ocular system
DifferentInternet
Bnelwegnskeietaeismootnmusaeu
. Skeletal muscle is
primarily Controlled^ by^ The Nervous (^) System ( (^) stimulation of The release of^ cast (^) ions ) ° Smooth (^) Muscle is Controlled (^) by The nervous (^) System as well as The Endocrine (^) System ( Release (^) of hormones) t^ Also (^) The Paracrine (^) System (^ Secretion )
- (^) Multiunit (^) Smooth Muscle
•• Has Discrete Innovation
- where (^) you have discrete individual muscle cells that Act independently to (^) ensure we don't have (^) cell to (^) Cell Contact
- You will find This in
- Ocular (^) System → The (^) Eye
- Cillarly Muscle : Involved (^) W / size Of (^) pupil
- (^) Lense Muscle : Involved (^) wl (^) Focusing
- Errector Pilli (^) Muscle : Involved (^) w/ Hair Shaft
' Response you get when You have the " Chills "
UnitarySmooth Muscle
Here you will have many cells That contract Together as 1 unit
- Forms (^) Sheets or Bundles of Cells . spindal Shape Cells Fiddleheads Then (^) outtapers
- You will have (^) Tight Junctions That (^) will hold The muscles (^) Together as a (^) unit as a sheet
- You will also have (^) gap junctions = allow ions To flow eaiser between cells
- No (^) Striations (^) r ← -
- I
NO Sarcomeres _. Connect to Filaments
Arrangement of^ fibers^.
- Gap Junctions line (^) Up for a How of ions
between Cells
- In (^) Smooth (^) Muscle we have (^) dense bodies instead Of 2- (^) Lines That anchor +
filaments
- Cavaloe = (^) Interaction . Line (^) up from cell (^) membrane +0 (^) Sarcloplasmic Reticulum . This (^) Is Used (^) instead of T - tubules
=^.
/
How Quickly How long does HOW Quickly does
Does The Channel The Channel remain The Channel Close?
Open?^ Open?
Nat Fastest Brief^ Fastest
K + Slow Brief Slow
Generate Action Potential : Ca 2-
- Slowest^ Extended^ Slowest^ =^ More^ Cat^ +^ flow^!^!^!
- (^) Nat is (^) not a (^) major influence of The (^) action (^) potential
- Can & Kt (^) Are (^) major influences of The (^) Action (^) potential.
- (^) Can (^) Channels (^) open (^) , we have a (^) Change of membrane
voltage as^ Cast^ enters^ The^ Cell^ ,^ since^ Ca2+^ open^ longerremain,^ We^ have^ a^ plateau^.
Effect of Local Conditions : Active Issue we have :
50% Of^ Contractions are induced (^02 )
by Nerves^.^ Decrease^ in^ Oxygen Concentration To with 02 being used for^ cellular respiration
generate ATP
50% Of Contractions (^ COZ)
are related^ To^ local^ Conditions or^ Involved with Hormones^ •^ Increase^ in^ Carbon Dioxide Concentration which will^ be Transported
. Increase in Hydrogen Ion Concentration
= We need more Oxygen in That location ( Tissue ) , in order To do That we need :
° Smooth Muscle in^ +0vessels relax
, so^ we^ Can^ increase^ The^ size^ of^ lumen
Which will^ result of^ more^ blood flow^ TO^ That^ Tissue
YOU would see a lot of This in Artiroies -
Heart - Arteries - Articles fetes Capillaries - venues - Veins
( Involved with
exchanging between tissuesMaterials
Blood Flow B.fm Heart )
Veins Arteries
B. F
( (^) /B
. F
Venules Artiroies
he /.^ make^ connections^ To
Capillaries Capillaries of^ Tissues
. involved W / ° Have No Nerve Connections
exchanging materials
between tissues
Same Molecules That (^) Act As (^) Hormones ° Hypothalamus (^) acting as an Endocrine (^) Organ
- Acetylcholine Hormone : (^) Vasopressin = Anti - direct (^) hormone
and^ a
- Norepinephrine (^) Involved wl water (^) e.balance in (^) The (^) kidneys
- Epinephrine * : OxytocinHormone = (^) Effect on The (^) Uterus Example :^ Childbirth : - When (^) embryonic Sac breaks (^) , The (^) baby 's head Touches The cervix
receptors pick up That^ sensation^ send^ it^ To^ The^ hypothalamus To^ release^ Oxytocin
Oxytocin stimulates The Contraction of The smooth muscle in^ The uterus =^ We get Positive Feedback!
More muscles Contract =^ More Reception =^ More Oxytocin
. Once The baby is born ,
- (^) Breast Tissue Lactation
- Baby latches On to (^) nipple , baby sucks On The (^) nipple
Hypothalamus relieves^ That^ Sensation^?^ releases^ Oxytocin
Oxytocin will^ Control^ The^ ducts^ That^ release The milk^ To^ The^ nipple Positive^ Feedback
Oxytocin Is^ Involved^ in^ :
Mother 1 Child Bond
roduced (^) By The Liver
Mate Attraction
Hormone : Angiotensinogen
-^ contracts^ Muscles^ which^ will Ultimately on^ The^ Smooth^ muscle^ of^ blood^ vessels^ To^ cause^ Vasoco^ ?nstrict^ on^ =^ Results^ in^ decrease i. Increase^ ConcentrationPressure of^ Lumen^ LOCUSTSOccur in :
Solitary Phase^ -^ As^ population^ Increases
In Central Nervous System : overcrowding Occurs which leads
Hormone : Serotonin to physical Touching which causes a
. Affects your mood release Of Serotonin which Causes to enter
sworn Phase
. Involved with it modulates your behavior ( anger :c aggression ) IN^ All Cells
involved with Sex ÷^ A^ Petite Hormone^ :^ Histamine
° Increases
Capillary Permeability
= More stuff Comes Out Of
including (^) larger molecules Capillary
like Leukocytes
. Involved with Vasodillaticn
Respiratory System^ -^ Bronchial^ Constriction
(^2) Specific Locations : (^) Blood (^) passes (^) Through The Heart :
1. - trial Muscle^ Tricuspid^ Valve
- (^) Ventricular Muscle (^) Right Atrium - (^) (Superior Vena Cava food - Inferior Vena Cava - Right Ventricle e. Pulmonary Trunk
Pulmonary Arteries
- (^) Semi where Lunar? Valve Arota (^) ← Left Ventricle (^) a- Left Atrium )
← ( LungsGas
- Oz ExchangeComes ) Mitral valve In
- Striated ( (^) like skeletal muscle ) Action Potential :
° Cyndicular Shape but with Branching ° Much faster Nat Channels
. Contain Tight Junctions Called Intercalated Disks. Slower Cat' Channels
In (^) Cardiac Muscle :
* You Want Them TO All Contract simultaneously Sarclolemma - T- tubules - Sarcloplasmic Reticulum
Cast (^) is Stored Catt (^) is Stored
Frank (^) - Starting Mechanism (^) : 2 Sources of Came Overall (^) Stronger Contraction
How Cardiac Tissue Functions?
" Chambers stretching as They Are being filled With blood.
The Greater^ ,^ The^ stretching of The Chamber as^ its^ filled^ with blood =^ Greater^ Volume of Blood Pumped
Autonomic Nervous System
' Sympathetic - Parasympathetic
Increases Heart Rate Decreases^ Heart^ Rate
- Stimulatory Function. Acetylcholine That 's Acting on
Norepinephrine on excitatory
receptor +0 generate an
Action Potential inhibatony receptor
. Stops the effect of norepinephrine on excitony receptor = Reduces Heart Rate
Norepinephnn Increases^ Heart^ Acetylcholine Reduces^ Heart^ Rate
Rate
° Increase In Force of Contraction
- (^) Increase volume of (^) blood (^) pumped ] In (^) Parasympathetic its Reverse (^) Right
Atnumiysianeantnjnaepnoggdefsaft
. Wogan
increase in ejection pumped by muscle of Right Left Atrium Atrial Ventricular Node ( AV Node )
Reviewers Atrium^ Delay^ .of^ Action^ Potential
.^ You^ making^ it^ more
Sympathetic all partsMotor of^ Nerves^ °^2 Vagus Nerves^ ^ SA^ Node^.^.^ Pacemaker^ negative to^ generate an^ AP.
once You have 1 Contraction^0444 Bundle of His ]
Ventricles - Sino atrial Node Timeon 5. intervalA node^ until^ next^ Action^ Potential Purtinge Fibers
. Atrialantnauar Nodl to^ causeboth 2 ventriclesventricles^ toTo contract
Simultaneously 1
Ran
1 Sec^ r
LP#Ty~μPicks^ up (^) Voltage differences (^) That act (^) on the (^) Cardiac Muscle Q S
Heart → Pericardium Activity -^ Skeletal in thorax Muscle To Skin
P - Wave : Attributed To Depolarization of Atrial Muscle Voltage Leakage
in (^) Terms of Action Potential Decrease In
Releasevoltage.
pick up voltage i.^ Amplify it
- QRS (^) Complex : (^) Depolarization of Ventricles (^) just before Contraction
. T. Wave : Thepolarization of Ventricles
. You don't see a re polarization of Atrial Muscle blc it's occurring @ The Same time in QRS Complex which overshadows it
