Smart book: business management, Summaries of Business Economics

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K. Buse,

Smart book

For employees, the meaning and value found in work can contribute significantly. to their self-esteem as well as physical and mental health As the women who typically filled such roles as child care and housework were not engaged in work for wages, their status under Social Security and tax law was. dependent upon their husband's employment Identify a true statement about the term work. It has assorted and distinct range of meanings such as a job, profession, and trade. Identify the definition of a job as described by Robert Bellah and his co-authors in their book Habits of the Heart. A job is described as work in which self-identity is independent of the activity. The sense of development that is experienced throughout one's career shows that careers. involve social status and self-esteem in ways that jobs do not Identify the factors, according to managers, that will be influenced by how employees think about work. (Check all that apply.) Performance and productivity to employee turnover Wages and benefits to absenteeism Identify the role women, according to society, are expected to play when they are employed in the workforce. The super mom who works a full-time job and still manages a household The term can suggest a job, profession, career, trade, labor, occupation, vocation, or calling. Work A(n) is an earlier tradition of work in which a person's identity and activities were morally inseparable. Calling Jobs have no meaning other than the. instrumental value as a means for earning wages A person rising from interning for a company to an executive position and eventually to a managerial level is an example of a(n). Career Identify a reason behind the consideration that work has an exceptionally important instrumental value. Work is necessary for obtaining various goods.

Reason: This is false. In the contemporary work scene, few workers have significant choices and alternatives open to them in the workplace. Given the significant instrumental value that work has as the means of making one's livelihood, few people are in the position where they put their job in jeopardy. Many people choose to work as nurses, day-care providers, or social workers because these are positions in which. they can make an important contribution to their community As people today seem more likely to work many jobs over their lifetimes than they were in the past, is more a fact of work life today than it was for previous generations. job mobility Contingent work, as when an individual is able to work part-time while also going to school or providing child care, can be. a value-added component to work Work can refer both to a(n) performed with diligence and perseverance, and it can refer to. activity; employment Often contingent work can mean that the values and benefits of work are. more conditional and uncertain True or false: In the contemporary work scene, workers have significant choices and alternatives open to them in the workplace. False. Identify a true statement about job mobility. It suggests that at least some of work's values, income stability and self-esteem, may be at greater risk today than in times past. An emerging trend in the contemporary economy is the growth of contingent work, which implies that more jobs today are temporary, part-time, or subcontracted out to third parties Identify a perspective on the conventional view of work, with roots traceable to classical Greek thought, in which work is seen as something that must be endured. There are higher and more meaningful human activities than work. Identify a value of work that can be lost or unavailable to part-time and temporary workers. Social values of work, such as camaraderie and social status Identify the values of work that may be at a greater risk today than in the past due to the lack of control over job mobility by employees. Income stability and self-esteem

Identify a true statement about the classical interpretation of work. It suggests that humans are free beings and work is a necessity. The good life for humans would be a life of. contemplation and one spent enjoying the higher pleasures of art, politics, and culture The hedonistic interpretation of work shows that one works so that one ca. buy those things that will make one happy The of work, a conventional viewpoint on work, understands work as a necessary means for obtaining life's pleasures. hedonistic interpretation The interpretations of work conceives of humans as intellectual beings, yet work is physical. classical interpretation Match the models of work (in the left column) with their characteristics (in the right column). The classical model of work- Happiness is the enjoyment of various cultural activities. The hedonistic model of work- Happiness is simply getting whatever one wants. According to the hedonistic interpretation, the price we have to pay in order to get both the necessities of life and the many other things that make life enjoyable and pleasurable is. Work A young adult working with the intention of purchasing a new bike is an example of the of work. hedonistic interpretation The hedonistic model's view is quite compatible with the assumptions of neoclassical economics due to its. emphasis on happiness as want-satisfaction Match the approaches to work (in the left column) with their characteristics (in the right column). The classical approach to work- Defends a very specific content for human happiness Defends a very specific content for human happiness The hedonistic approach to work- Allows individuals to choose whatever ends they desire Allows individuals to choose whatever ends they desire True or false: The human fulfillment school views work as hindering the development of human potential. False. Reason: This is false. The human fulfillment school of work views work as the primary activity through which people develop their full potential as human beings. It agrees that the good life involves the development and flourishing of the human potential.

The social goods provided by work- Friendships, companionship, a sense of belonging, and a sense of purpose A person's intellectual skills are improved when they focus their attention, and. think through what is required for performing a task According to the human fulfillment model of work, the psychological and social benefits provided by work are connected to. attaining the human telos Identify the psychic costs of unemployment. (Check all that apply.) Loss of self-esteem and self-respect, Depression and isolation, Stress and anxiety True or false: Work hinders the opportunity for workers to achieve psychological and social goods. False. Reason: This is false. Work can provide the worker with the opportunity for such psychological goods as high self-esteem and self-respect as well as both stable mental and physical health. Work can also provide workers with social goods such as friendships, companionship, a sense of belonging, and a sense of purpose. Which of the following are suggestions of the human fulfillment model of work? (Check all that apply.) The character traits developed through work by an individual is connected to living a fulfilled and meaningful human life. The psychological and social benefits of work are more than merely subjective and personal preferences. According to the human fulfillment model, the challenge for business ethics is to articulate the type of work that can foster the full development of. human potential Employment has largely disappeared from the poorest neighborhoods in most large cities, and the results of chronic unemployment can. literally destroy a community The idea that there exists a human potential that can be either drawn out or repressed by work has its roots in. Karl Marx’s concept of alienation Identify the issues faced by workers in the capitalist economic systems as determined by Karl Marx. (Select all that apply.) Workers are separated from what they produce. Workers and the products of their labor are treated as mere means to the end of profit. Workers lack control over both the products and the productive activity itself.

Work is an expression of people's nature as social beings, and it prevents them from. falling into a solipsistic and egocentric life The human fulfillment model of work acknowledges that can contribute to the development of human potential. the proper kind of work and the right kind of workplace Like the conventional model of work, the liberal model of work holds that. individual workers should be free to choose the ends of their work Identify the result of work that prevents the full development of human potential where humans are separated from their true selves. Alienation According to Karl Marx, workers are alienated from the products of their labor, from the activity of work, and from their fellow humans in. capitalist economic systems Identify the statements indicating human potentials that work can help fulfill. (Check all that apply.) Through work, people create their own society and culture and thereby create their own identities. Work provides people the occasion for developing their talents and exercising their creativity. People exercise their freedom and autonomy in making choices and directing their lives through it. Match the ethical assessments by the various models of work (in the left column) with their procedures (in the right column). Ethical assessments by the liberal model of work- In terms of how work affects a worker's ability to make free and autonomous decisions about their own life Ethical assessments by the human fulfillment school of work- On the basis of some vision of what makes a good, meaningful human life. The model of work can be thought of as occupying a middle ground between the conventional model and the human fulfillment school. Liberal Identify the types of alienation faced by workers that occur within capitalist systems as suggested by Karl Marx. (Check all that apply). From their very essence as social creatures From the creative process of work itself From the products of their work According to Karl Marx, are known as human resources in the contemporary phrase.

function to protect certain central and primary goods The hedonistic theory on work suggests that business's only responsibilities would be. those freely accepted within the contract According to the arguments on work by liberals, such goods as autonomy, rationality, and physical and mental health are said to be primary because they are. necessary for any realistic opportunity to exercise autonomous, rational, and free choice Identify a true statement on work, according to the classical model of work, to the degree that work is necessary and physical. Work cannot be made meaningful, and therefore employers have little responsibility to make it so. As long as no one is forcing employees to work routinized, unchallenging, and boring jobs, as long as they are free from external constraint, liberals argue that. employers have no responsibility to eliminate such jobs Conditions that create an ethical workplace that tend to encourage and advance the human good, such as the ability to make reasoned and autonomous choices and not employee choice alone, can be identified as. a liberal theory of employee rights and employer responsibilities Even if the hedonistic approach to work argues that work is meaningful when it is used to attain the goals of the worker, following Norman Bowie's critique, it would be difficult. to hold a business responsible for such an open-ended goal Norman Bowie argues that anything more substantive than the minimal list of primary goods might involve employers forcing employees to accept conditions that they choose not to. In this case, employers cannot. have the responsibility to make employees better people, particularly against employees' wishes Identify the factor that would be accepted by the argument that employers have no responsibility to work dreadful jobs as long as no one is forcing employees to work. Ethical legitimacy of employment conditions If liberals argue that employers do have a responsibility to eliminate highly routinized, unchallenging, and boring jobs, then they acknowledge that. employee choice alone is not the final factor for determining what constitutes an ethical workplace