Download SLP PRAXIS review: Audiology Questions & Answers with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | La and more Exams Pathology in PDF only on Docsity!
SLP PRAXIS review: Audiology Questions & Answers
with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest Update
auricle - ✔✔external portion of the ear, known as the pinna 2500 Hz - ✔✔resonant frequency of the ear canal cerumen - ✔✔ear wax; functions to lubricate and please the canal, protect the ear from fungi/bacteria/small insects tympanic membrane - ✔✔a membrane forming part of the organ of hearing, which vibrates in response to sound waves. ossicular chain (ossicles) - ✔✔the three interconnected bones in the middle ear that conduct vibration from the tympanic membrane to the cochlea eustachian tube - ✔✔connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx and allows passage of air. - Controlled by tensor veli palatini
- more horizontal in infants malleus (hammer) - ✔✔a small bone in the middle ear that transmits vibrations of the eardrum to the incus. incus (anvil) - ✔✔a small bone in the middle ear that transmits and amplifies vibrations from the malleus to the stapes stapes (stirrup) - ✔✔a small bone in the middle ear that transmits and amplifies vibrations (by ~30dB) from the incus to the oval window tensor tympani - ✔✔the muscle attached to the malleus that dampens vibrations of the TM.
- innervated by CN V stapedius - ✔✔the muscle attached to the state that dampens vibrations of the ossicular chain.
- innervated by CN VII
Organ of Corti - ✔✔Center part of the cochlea, containing hair cells (cilia), canals, and membranes which respond to sound vibrations Reissner's membrane - ✔✔A thin sheath of tissue separating the vestibular and middle canals in the cochlea. Transmits movements from perilymph to the endolymph. apex (of basilar membrane) - ✔✔Wider, thicker part of basilar membrane. Responds to low frequency sounds (20 Hz) base (of basilar membrane) - ✔✔Thinner/narrower/stiffer part of basilar membrane that responds to high frequency sounds. hair cells - ✔✔specialized auditory receptor neurons embedded in the basilar membrane that convert mechanical vibrations of basilar membrane to electrical impulses on CN VIII internal auditory meatus - ✔✔passageway on temporal bone where CN VIII exits the inner ear
cerebellopontine angle - ✔✔The junction at the base of the brain where the cerebellum, medulla, and pons communicate. Most CN VIII fibers decussate at this point. air conduction - ✔✔the process by which sound waves enter the ear through the pinna and are transmitted through the TM, ossicles, inner ear fluids, hair cells, to CN VIII bone conduction - ✔✔the conduction of sound to the inner ear through the bones of the skull slight (hearing loss) - ✔✔ 16 - 25 dB HL mild (hearing loss) - ✔✔ 26 - 40 dB HL difficulty hearing faint or distant speech--may cause language delay in children moderate (hearing loss) - ✔✔ 41 - 55 dB HL Causes delayed speech and language acquisition; difficulty in producing certain speech sounds correctly; difficulty following conversation moderately severe (hearing loss) - ✔✔ 56 - 70 dB HL
- creates a conductive HL around 20- 35 dB; usually undetected by regular pure tone screenings serous otitis media - ✔✔a fluid buildup in the middle ear that can follow acute otitis media or can be caused by obstruction of the Eustachian tube. Often treated with PE tubes and antibiotics. acute otitis media - ✔✔middle ear infection usually associated with an upper respiratory infection and is most commonly seen in young children. May rupture TM. Common treatment is myringotomy myringotomy - ✔✔incision into the tympanic membrane pressure equalizing tube (PE tube) - ✔✔small tube surgically placed in eardrum; assists in draining trapped fluid and equalizing pressure between middle ear cavity & atmosphere chronic otitis media - ✔✔permanent damage to middle ear structures frequently caused by erosion of ossicles, cholosteotoma, atrophy/perforation of TM
myringoplasty - ✔✔surgical repair of the tympanic membrane otosclerosis - ✔✔hardening of the bony tissue of the middle ear Carhart's notch - ✔✔frequently found in pts w/ otosclerosis, is a pattern of bone-conduction thresholds characterized by reduced bone-conduction sensitivity predominantly at 2000 Hz. otospongiosis - ✔✔Stapes become too soft to vibrate Requires stapedectomy stapedectomy - ✔✔surgical removal of the stapes to correct otospongiosis where a synthetic prothesis of wire or Teflon replaces the removed stapes, often dramatically improving hearing post surgically. ossicular discontinuity - ✔✔damage to the ossicular chain that causes one of the bones to break or separate from the other two
Central Auditory Processing - ✔✔refers to the effectiveness and efficiency with which the CNS uses information. central auditory disorder - ✔✔hearing loss due to disrupted sound transmission between the brainstem and cerebrum as a result of damage or malformation dichotic listening task - ✔✔task in which listener must process different messages presented simultaneously to both ears. retrocochlear pathology - ✔✔damage to the nerve fibers along the ascending auditory pathways from the internal auditory meatus to the cortex. Usually caused by acoustic neuroma. von Rechlinghausen disease - ✔✔inherited disease characterized by the presence of numerous small tumors that grow slowly along various peripheral nerves. Can cause retrocochlear pathology. audiometer - ✔✔instrument to measure hearing; generates and amplifies pure tones, noise, and other stimuli.
attenuate - ✔✔to reduce in force or degree; to weaken threshold - ✔✔intensity level at which a tone is faintly heard at least 50% of the time it is presented. masking - ✔✔using a second sound, frequently noise, to make the detection of another sound more difficult. Used in BC testing or in AC testing when one ear is markedly better than the other. speech audiometry - ✔✔measures how well a person understands speech and discriminates between speech sounds Speech Reception Threshold (SRT) - ✔✔the lowest/softest level of hearing at which the person can understand 50% of words presented. Uses spondee words. Spondee (words) - ✔✔two syllable words with equal stress on each syllable used to establish SRT. e.g. "hotdog," "baseball," "cowboy"
Auditory Evoked Potentials (AEPs) - ✔✔Electrophysiological tests record neuroelectric responses generated by the auditory system Electrocochleography (ECoG) - ✔✔-The procedure for measuring electrical responses from the cochlea Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) - ✔✔is a technique used to record the electrical activity in the auditory nerve, the brainstem, and the cortical ease of the brain. It is useful in detecting brainstem diseases. It is also very helpful in testing the hearing of newborn infants. Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA) - ✔✔Test used with older infants. Involves presenting a sound and seeing whether the infant will turn her head toward the sound. behavioral observation audiometry - ✔✔Test used when visual reinforcement audiometry is not possible play audiometry - ✔✔Test that uses games and is often used for children between the ages of 2 - 4y/o.
Operant audiometry - ✔✔child's hearing is tested by conditioning voluntary responses to sound stimuli. Best for children who are challenging to test with traditional methods. air-bone gap - ✔✔difference between air and bone conduction thresholds (indicates a conductive hearing loss) noise-induced hearing loss - ✔✔Type of hearing loss evidenced by a greater loss between 3000 and 6000 Hz on an audiogram. acoustic highlighting - ✔✔when a talker changes duration, intensity, and pitch to enhance the audibility of a message gain - ✔✔the amount of amplification applied to a signal in a hearing aid Bone Anchored Hearing Aid (BAHA) - ✔✔Hearing aid mounted to a titanium abutment placed in the skull. Used to transmit sound and bypass the external/middle ear.
hybrid cochlear implant - ✔✔simultaneously provides acoustic input through a HA for the low frequencies and electrical stimulation of afferent auditory nerve fibers to the higher frequencies via a CI to the same ear central electroauditory prosthesis (CEP) - ✔✔AKA brainstem implant; a more current development in implant technology; directly stimulated the cochlear nucleus of the auditory nerve at the brainstem level; when the cochlea and the hair cells are damaged to such an extent that a cochlear implant will not work, implants of electrodes may carry the sound to the auditory nerve fibers and the brainstem safety alerting devices - ✔✔devices that help people with hearing impairment gain information through flashing lights or vibrators on common devices; this could help people know when the doorbell rings or a burglar alarm goes off telecommunication devices for the deaf (TDDs) - ✔✔allow people who are deaf to use the telephone; a portable terminal that both sends and receives typed messages via telephone speech reading - ✔✔HI person using visual cues to 'read' what speaker is saying Unlike cued speech, no signs
What used to be called lip reading Homophenous - ✔✔sounds that look the same on the face and may be easily confused cued speech - ✔✔A system used by Speaker for HI person Produces manual cues to represent sounds spoken Uses 8 signs for consonants and 4 for vowels Increases correct speech reading from 30 to 84% aural/oral method - ✔✔Method that attempts to use amplification methods and person undergoes intensive auditory training and speech reading instruction. manual approach - ✔✔Approach that is a means of nonverbal communication that involves signing and fingerspelling. total communication - ✔✔method of teaching deaf/hard of hearing students that combines finger spelling, signs ASL, speech reading, speech and
