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SLP Praxis Practice Form 2 with SLP
Praxis II Practice Test Exams with
Correct Answers.
The parts of the body associated most closely with the speech production obviously include the oral cavity, including the lips, tongue, and teeth. Which of the following is not one of the body parts normally most closely involved? - Correct Ans: ✔✔ Which theory/theories of language acquisition emphasize(s) nature over nurture? - Correct Ans: ✔✔Generativist theories Chomsky and Lenneberg What are parts of Chomsky's transformational grammar? - Correct Ans: ✔✔Deep structure Surface structure Structural changes Hidden assumptions MacWhinney's Competition Model is a language development theory that is: - Correct Ans: ✔✔Emergentist theory of language development Claims that language acquisition is a cognitive process emerging from the interactions of biology and the environment
Since the 1980's, linguists and psychologists influenced by Piaget: - Correct Ans: ✔✔Have found the role of learning processes more important than previously thought Piaget believed that children learn by interacting with and acting upon their environments, and that in so doing, the construct knowledge (constructivism) At approximately what age do children begin to give names to things? - Correct Ans: ✔✔Between the ages of one year and eighteen months, most commonly around the age of one year What observations support Chomsky's theory? - Correct Ans: ✔✔Children in different countries will go through similar stages of language development Children over regularize irregular verbs without having heard any examples of this Children learn correct syntax in spite of parents' inconsistency in correcting them Children invent unique languages in the absence of exposure to standard language A unit of sounds is a: - Correct Ans: ✔✔Phoneme
While the anatomy and physiology of speech production is more than the sum of its parts, for the sake of convenience the speech mechanism is divided into four phases. What are the four? - Correct Ans: ✔✔Respiration, phonation, articulation, resonance The parts of the body associated most closely with the speech production obviously include the oral cavity, including the lips, tongue, and teeth. What other body parts are normally closely involved? - Correct Ans: ✔✔Lungs, larynx, trachea, nasal cavities Which extrinsic muscles of the larynx are also suprahyoid muscles? - Correct Ans: ✔✔ What is the major physical or organic factor underlying impairment in the speech of persons with cleft palate? - Correct Ans: ✔✔Palatopharyngeal insufficiency Which of the following formants typically characterizes a high vowel? - Correct Ans: ✔✔Low-frequency first formant (F1)
- The F1 is inversely associated with tongue height, such that high vowels tend to have low F1 frequencies.
A 65-year-old patient is transferred from another facility with a diagnosis of aphasia. The patient's symptoms, however, appear more consistent with apraxia. Which of the following tasks for the patient is most appropriate when assessing verbal apraxia of speech? - Correct Ans: ✔✔Repeating words of increasing length
- Inability to repeat two-syllable words is a clear indicator of apraxia of speech. Oropharyngeal dysphagia in a child with Down syndrome is most likely caused by which of the following factors? - Correct Ans: ✔✔Hypotonia Which of the following recommendations to a parent of an infant with cleft lip and palate should an SLP make to best optimize feeding for adequate nutrition and appropriate growth? - Correct Ans: ✔✔Using a bottle with a modified nipple during feedings
- A bottle with a modified nipple allows for greater control over the quantity of liquid expressed and the pacing of feeding. The head lift exercise published by Shaker et al. (2002) was designed to produce which of the following changes in swallow biomechanics? - Correct Ans: ✔✔Increase in diameter and duration of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) opening
Certificate of Clinical Competence shall evaluate the effectiveness of services provided, technology employed, and products dispensed, and they shall provide services or dispense products only when benefit can reasonably be expected.
- According to ASHA, it is important that SLPs remember to provide services when a benefit can be expected. The SLP has exhausted all treatment options and a benefit for this student is no longer expected. Place the phonemes below in the order of typical acquisition. /p/ /θ/ /k/ /ʒ/ - Correct Ans: ✔✔/p/ /k/ /θ/ /ʒ/
- /p/ is first because this phoneme is developed between ages 1 and 3.
- /k/ is second because this is developed by age 3 1/2.
- /θ/is third because this is developed between ages 3 and 8.
- /ʒ/ is last because this is developed between ages 6 and 8. An 81-year-old female presents to a rehabilitation hospital following a severe L MCA stroke. The patient has poststroke right-sided weakness, right neglect, and suspected nonfluent aphasia. Receptive language
appears to be mildly impacted. The patient has a complex medical history, including TBI following a car accident two years ago, obesity, diabetes, seizure disorder, congestive heart failure, and hypertension. Socially, the patient has lived alone for the past three years following her husband's death. Since her car accident she mainly watches TV at home and leaves her house only for dialysis. She has meals on wheels and home health aides to assist her with showering. Because of her TBI, her behavior is often variable and erratic. The highest level of education she attained was seventh grade. She stayed home to take care of her children and did not have a career. Which of the following medical conditions, in com - Correct Ans: ✔✔TBI
- Patients with TBI are more likely to have metacognitive problems in addition to the aphasia, thus impacting their ability to improve. (refer to patient information above) Which of the following tasks is most appropriate to include when assessing the patient's phrase length? - Correct Ans: ✔✔Responding to open-ended questions
- When an SLP assesses phrase length, it is important to task the patient with open-ended questions to assess the patient's ability to spontaneously produce speech.
An SLP provides home practice for a patient with aphasia as part of discharge plans. The patient is approximately six-months post left- hemisphere stroke that resulted in aphasia. Verbal output has improved significantly since the stroke; however, the patient is still very concerned that written expression is moderately impaired at the single- word level. The homework assignment is to implement copy-and-recall treatment to improve written expression, which involves practicing writing target words (from photographs) and then copying those words multiple times. However, during a follow-up phone call, the SLP determines that the patient is struggling to write the assigned target words because the patient "can't think of the correct letters." Although a model is provided on the back of each target photograph, the patient wants to find a way to practice without looking at the answer. The SLP's best course of action is to su - Correct Ans: ✔✔try anagramming the words using letter tiles to form the target word
- This approach would give the client the best access to completing the homework. The letter tiles would provide a support for the client to complete the homework and are a regular part of this treatment approach. Which of the following instruments is often used to document stages of recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI)? - Correct Ans: ✔✔Rancho Los Amigos Scales of Cognitive Function
- The Rancho Los Amigos Scales of Cognitive Function is the only truly "scaled" instrument developed specifically for rehabilitation documentation following TBI. A large metropolitan school district wants to determine the prevalence of developmental stuttering among all enrolled students during the past year. Which of the following approaches is most appropriate for accomplishing the task? - Correct Ans: ✔✔Dividing the total number of students who currently stutter by the total number of students who were enrolled during the past year An SLP uses evidence-based practice by integrating the perspectives and values of the client, patient, or caregivers into the treatment plan. Which of the following best reflects simultaneous incorporation of the host culture's perspectives and values and maintenance of the native culture's perspectives and values? - Correct Ans: ✔✔Acculturation
- Acculturation is the incorporation of the host culture's perspective and the native culture's perspective and values. The commonly used chin-down posture was initially developed to eliminate thin-liquid aspiration in people with delayed pharyngeal stage onset after having a stroke, and when its efficacy was investigated, it was found to be 50% effective. For whom is the chin-down posture ineffective at eliminating thin-liquid aspiration? - Correct Ans: ✔✔People who aspirate residue from the pyriform sinuses
A 72-year-old right-handed female is evaluated following a left- hemisphere stroke. Findings reveal a moderate Broca's aphasia. Which of the following is the primary goal of intervention for the client? - Correct Ans: ✔✔To improve the client's ability to express production of syntactically appropriate sentences
- Improvement of expression, particularly syntax, is the most appropriate focus of treatment for Broca's aphasia. An SLP tries to elicit correct production of the target sound /s/forward slash s forward slash. Which of the following words provides the best coarticulatory conditions to meet the SLP's goal? - Correct Ans: ✔✔A.Spoon B.Sea C.Sob D.Soup Management of which one of the following examination observations alone will produce the best improvement in the pneumonia risk of an adult patient with chronic dysphagia? - Correct Ans: ✔✔Poor oral hygiene and dependence for oral care
- Studies have identified poor oral hygiene (including presence of decayed teeth) and dependency for oral care as significant independent predictors of pneumonia in people with chronic dysphagia Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of articulation therapy for a 2-year-old patient with a repaired cleft palate and compensatory errors? - Correct Ans: ✔✔Having a play-based learning approach to address goals Early intentional communication typically emerges in the months leading up to a child's first birthday. Which of the following communicative functions typically emerges first in this period? - Correct Ans: ✔✔Protesting
- Early intentional communication develops around 8 to 10 months of age, and the first function that emerges is protesting. An SLP plans to give Cody, an 8-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder, tangible reinforcement in conjunction with the use of manual signs during an object labeling task. At first, reinforcement will be presented every time Cody produces a sign correctly. After several sessions, however, reinforcement will be given after every third instance of correct labeling. Which of the following choices best describes the SLP's reinforcement schedule? - Correct Ans: ✔✔Continuous-ratio schedule followed by fixed-ratio schedule
disorder or childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). Which TWO of the following characteristics are primarily indicative of CAS? - Correct Ans: ✔✔1. Displaying inconsistencies in articulation performance
- Speaking with a disrupted rate, rhythm, and stress of speech
- Children with CAS struggle to make consistent productions of speech sounds. Children with CAS speak with a rate, rhythm, and stress of speech that can be disrupted, and sometimes they can appear to be groping for placement. A 6-year-old child has difficulty producing both regular and irregular plural forms. Intervention for this problem would best target language at the level of: - Correct Ans: ✔✔morphology A patient is referred to speech therapy after a total laryngectomy. The SLP teaches the patient to speak by taking air in through the mouth, trapping it in the throat, and then releasing it. Which of the following treatments is the SLP primarily implementing with the patient? - Correct Ans: ✔✔Esophageal speech A 72-year-old male presents to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) following a complicated hospital stay. The patient is morbidly obese and has a history of COPD, depression, hypertension, diabetes, Bell's palsy, encephalopathy, and congestive heart failure. During his stay, he was not intubated but became very weak as a result of extended time in
bed. In the hospital, he was placed on an NDD Level 2 diet with nectar- thick liquids due to aspiration of thin liquids and poor oral control of regular solids. The patient worked until he was 50 years old, but his health conditions led to his early retirement. Before his hospitalization, the patient did not leave his house very often, and his wife helped him with all ADLs. While evaluating the patient at the SNF, the SLP noticed that the patient was disoriented and confused, appeared to be hallucinating, grunted loudly when attempting to stand, and presented with aphonia. The - Correct Ans: ✔✔depression
- Depression can lead to psychogenic disorders and given what this patient has been through, it is very likely that his depression has deepened during his hospital stay. (refer to patient info above) Which of the following strategies can the SLP use to most effectively engage the patient in monitoring his progress? - Correct Ans: ✔✔Helping the patient recognize his control over his vocal quality
- Once the patient understands that he is in control and can use his voice, he will be more likely to use his voice consistently.
"what" questions. When probed, the student will ask "why" and "when" questions but often uses the terms incorrectly. When writing the annual Individualized Education Program for the student, which of the following goals is most appropriate and measurable? - Correct Ans: ✔✔The student will ask six related "wh-" questions with minimal cueing in two out of three tries. Which of the following is an example of a reversible passive? - Correct Ans: ✔✔Jared was bullied by Michael.
- In reversible passive constructions, participants can fit into either role. Which of the following benchmarks best aligns with current research on typical communication development for 3-year-old children? - Correct Ans: ✔✔Understanding approximately 1,000 words The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) guarantees parents access to their child's educational records. However, this mandate does not apply to the daily records kept by an SLP working in a school setting if these records: - Correct Ans: ✔✔are kept in the sole possession of the SLP
- FERPA states that daily notes can be kept in the sole possession of an SLP as long as the purpose is to serve as a "memory jogger" for the creator of the record. Which of the following will most effectively decrease the fundamental frequency? - Correct Ans: ✔✔Increasing the mass of the vocal folds Which of the following speech-sampling contexts best assesses hyponasality? - Correct Ans: ✔✔Saying single words with nasal consonants A study examined the effect of a new treatment on the memory of a patient with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Shown on the graph is the percentage of errors made on an item-recall probe administered several times before treatment (baseline), during treatment, after treatment was discontinued (withdrawal), and after treatment was reinstated. Which of the following types of research design has been used in the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome study? - Correct Ans: ✔✔An ABAB design
- An ABAB design is a single-case experimental design in which an initial baseline stage (A) is followed by a treatment stage (B), a return to baseline (A), and then another treatment stage (B).
